Development- Jim Bouldger Flashcards
How do we evaluate our self concept of normality?
- intelligibility - do I understand the nature and motivation for my acitons
- Consistency- can I predict my actions based on my self knowledge
- Control- can I prevent or produce actions when I want to
What is reliability?
- A measure of repeatability
- Consistency of prediction over time
What is validity?
Refers to accuracy of a statement
Differentiate reinforcement vs interval vs ratio schedules
Reinforcement- given reward every time desired behavior occurs
interval- every so often the behavior is rewarded
Ratio- requires a certain number of responses until next reward (nothing to do with time)
What is positive and negative reinforcement?
reinforcement = getting you to do something more frequent
positive = addition of reinforcing stimulus following “good behavior” (getting candy for good behavior)
Negative = removal of UNFAVORABLE events or outcomes after behavior (response is strengthened by the removal of something considered unpleasant)(taking a pain killer when you have pain, pain goes away, reinforces taking the medication)
Positive vs Negative Punishment
Punishment = decreasing a certain behavior
Positive= punishment by application (getting a parking ticket will make you less likely to park there)
Negative= punishment by removal (taking toys away after being bad)
Normal birth range in weeks gestation?
37-42 weeks
Premature < 37 weeks
(1 in 8 or 12% are premature)
When is APGAR performed?
Twice, at 1 minute after birth and at 5 minutes after birth
What does APGAR measure?
Activity (muscle tone) Pulse Grimace (reflexes) Appearance (skin color) Respiration
How is APGAR scored?
Each task rated 0,1,2 Overal 0-10 0-3 severely depressed 4-6 mildly depressed 7-10 excellent
Possible problems with low APGAR score?
Score < 4 at 1 minute: severe nervous system depression, immediate CPR
Score < 7 at 5 minutes: infant at risk for CNS dysfunction
What four functions are covered by the Denver Developmental Screening test?
- Personal/social
- Fine motor
- Language
- Gross motor
(Shows ages for 25, 50, 75, and 95%)
What are the goals of the Denver Developmental Screening test?
Make parents aware of norms
Document development progress
Early identification of delays
What is the Kohlberg method of development?
-determine grouping based on how you react to moral dilemas
Pre-conventional: obedience/punishment and egotistic/satisfy self
Conventional: good boy/girl and approval of others
Post-conventional: social contract and principled conscience/internalized ideas –> most developed stage seen in adults
What is a generalized reinforcer?
any primary or secondary reinforcer which acts as a reinforcer across many different behaviors and across many different people within a culture (attention, affection, approval)
