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Biobehavioral > Development- Jim Bouldger > Flashcards

Development- Jim Bouldger Flashcards

1
Q

How do we evaluate our self concept of normality?

A
  1. intelligibility - do I understand the nature and motivation for my acitons
  2. Consistency- can I predict my actions based on my self knowledge
  3. Control- can I prevent or produce actions when I want to
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2
Q

What is reliability?

A
  • A measure of repeatability

- Consistency of prediction over time

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3
Q

What is validity?

A

Refers to accuracy of a statement

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4
Q

Differentiate reinforcement vs interval vs ratio schedules

A

Reinforcement- given reward every time desired behavior occurs
interval- every so often the behavior is rewarded
Ratio- requires a certain number of responses until next reward (nothing to do with time)

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5
Q

What is positive and negative reinforcement?

A

reinforcement = getting you to do something more frequent

positive = addition of reinforcing stimulus following “good behavior” (getting candy for good behavior)

Negative = removal of UNFAVORABLE events or outcomes after behavior (response is strengthened by the removal of something considered unpleasant)(taking a pain killer when you have pain, pain goes away, reinforces taking the medication)

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6
Q

Positive vs Negative Punishment

A

Punishment = decreasing a certain behavior

Positive= punishment by application (getting a parking ticket will make you less likely to park there)

Negative= punishment by removal (taking toys away after being bad)

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7
Q

Normal birth range in weeks gestation?

A

37-42 weeks
Premature < 37 weeks
(1 in 8 or 12% are premature)

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8
Q

When is APGAR performed?

A

Twice, at 1 minute after birth and at 5 minutes after birth

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9
Q

What does APGAR measure?

A 
Activity (muscle tone)
Pulse
Grimace (reflexes)
Appearance (skin color)
Respiration
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10
Q

How is APGAR scored?

A 
Each task rated 0,1,2
Overal 0-10
0-3 severely depressed
4-6 mildly depressed
7-10 excellent
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11
Q

Possible problems with low APGAR score?

A

Score < 4 at 1 minute: severe nervous system depression, immediate CPR

Score < 7 at 5 minutes: infant at risk for CNS dysfunction

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12
Q

What four functions are covered by the Denver Developmental Screening test?

A
  1. Personal/social
  2. Fine motor
  3. Language
  4. Gross motor
    (Shows ages for 25, 50, 75, and 95%)
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13
Q

What are the goals of the Denver Developmental Screening test?

A

Make parents aware of norms
Document development progress
Early identification of delays

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14
Q

What is the Kohlberg method of development?

A

-determine grouping based on how you react to moral dilemas

Pre-conventional: obedience/punishment and egotistic/satisfy self

Conventional: good boy/girl and approval of others

Post-conventional: social contract and principled conscience/internalized ideas –> most developed stage seen in adults

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15
Q

What is a generalized reinforcer?

A

any primary or secondary reinforcer which acts as a reinforcer across many different behaviors and across many different people within a culture (attention, affection, approval)

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16
Q

Infant 1-3 months

A
  • lifts head when lying prone
  • SMILES in response to human face
  • Coos
17
Q

Infant 4-6 months

A
  • Turns over
  • Sits
  • forms attachment to primary care giver
  • recognizes familiar people
  • Babbles (repeats single sound over and over)
18
Q

Infant 7-11 Months

A
  • Crawls
  • Transfers toys
  • Pincer grasp
  • STRANGER ANXIETY
  • Wave’s bye-bye, peek a boo
  • Imitates sounds
19
Q

Infant 12-15 Months

A
  • WALKS
  • SEPARATION ANXIETY
  • FIRST WORDS
  • Object permanence (child can maintain mental image of an object without seeing it)
20
Q

Freud’s theory

A

described development in terms of the parts of the body from which the most pleasure is derived at each stage of development (oral stage during first year of life)

21
Q

Erkison’s theory

A

described development in terms of critical periods for achievement of social goals. (children must learn to trust others during the first year of life or they will have trouble forming close relationships as an adult)

22
Q

Piaget Stages of Development

A

Described development in terms of learning capabilities of the child at each age

23
Q

1.5-6 years of age

A
  • parallel play (plays alongside but not with another child)
  • Gender Identity
  • Plays cooperatively
  • May have imaginary companions
  • Begins to understand right and wrong
  • sense of morality
  • Vocabulary increases quickly
24
Q

Development of vocabulary?

A

1.5 months= 10 words
2 months = 250 words
3 months = 900 words

25
Q

Conception of death

A

<6 believe death is temporary
6-9 believe death can happen to others but not to them
9 or older understand they can also die

26
Q

Operant conditioning

A

is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishment for behavior

Biobehavioral (23 decks)

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