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what disorder is associated with pseudohyponatraemia
hyperlipidaemia
what is the most common cause of mitral stenosis
rheumatic heart disease
what heart murmur would you expect increased pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure
mitral stenosis
why does mitral stenosis cause a right parasternal heave
causes right ventricular hypertrophy due to an increase in right sided pressures
what sided heart deviation does mitral stenosis cause
right axis deviation to right ventricular hypertrophy
what heart sound might you be able to palpate in mitral stenosis
tapping apex beat- S1
what heart murmur causes increased pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure
mitral stenosis
what are the borders of calots triangle (where the cystic artery branches off the right hepatic artery)
inferior edge of liver
common hepatic duct medially
cystic duct laterally
what lymph node is found in calots triangle
the cystic lymph node of lund
what are the symptoms of chicken pox in adults
headache and temperature
rash
what organism causes chicken pox
varicella zoster
what are possible complications of chicken pox
pneumonia meningitis CNS involvment bacterial super infection septicaemia
what two blood tests should be performed on a pregnant woman who may have come into contact with the chicken pox virus
IgM and IgG
what is naloxone
reverses the effects of opiods
what is midazolam
sedative
what are the features of carcinoid syndrome
pulmonic and tricuspid valve thickening and stenosis endocardial fibrosis hepatomegaly diarrhoea cramps nausea vomiting cutanous flushing apparent cyanosis cough wheeze sob retroperitoneal and pelvic fibrosis
what is carcinoid syndrome
a paraneoplastic syndrome secondary to carcinoid tumours
caused by secretion of serotonin from the tumour
commonly occurs from GI carcinoid tumours
what is a carcinoid tumour
a neuroendocrine tumour
slow growing
always have malignant potential
may be asymptomatic and discovered incidentally
at what age would you expect children to be able to sit without support, reach for things and imitate sounds
7 months
what are the symptoms of pre eclampsia
severe headache visual problems rib pain vomiting swelling
what are the symptoms of severe pre eclampsia
abnormal LFTs accelerated hypertension altered consciousness level haemodialysis clotting problems hyper reflexia focal neurology
what are the symptoms of gout
pain, heat and severe tenderness in foot joints
can affect any joint but most commonly big toe
usually mono/oligoarticular
caused by urate crystal deposition
what is charcots arthropathy (neuropathic arthropathy)
associated with conditions such as DM, syringomyelia and syphilis
progressive degeneration of a weight bearing joint
may cause deformity and pain
may have rocker bottom appearance due to bony collapse
what is syringomyelia
cyst in spinal cord (syrinx)
what antifungal is mainly used orally
fluconazole
name some topical antifungals
clotrimazole
miconazole
enconazole
what class of drugs are the following chlorpromazine haloperidol metoclopramide sulpride
dopamine antagonists
what might cause hyperprolactinaemia
dopamine antagonists chronic renal failure pregnancy hypothyroidism acromegaly
why might dialysis patients have anaemia
poor iron absorption
lack of endogenous erythropoetin
GI blood loss is common
why might you avoid giving a packed cell transfusion to an anaemic dialysis patient
transfusions increase the risk of transplant rejection
only transfuse is very unwell
what age are epigastric hernias common
children and young adults
what can cause a stiff neck in a child
acute poliomyelitis
retropharyngeal absess
stills disease
what is adenosine deaminase
Severe combined immunodeficiency
what are the features of legionaires disease
air cooling systems legionella pneumonphilia gastro symptoms flu symptoms dry cough confusion patchy consolidation on x ray
erythromycin
what gi problem is common in neonates with down syndrome
duodenal atresia
