Cards Flashcards

1
Q

what are the features of hereditary spherocytosis

A

most common hereditary haemolytic anaemia in uk
red blood cells destroyed by spleen

manage with folate replacement and splenectomy

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2
Q

what are the symptoms of haemolytic anaemia

A
failure to thrive
jaundice 
gallstones
splenomegaly
aplastic crisis precipitated by parvovirus infection
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3
Q

what tb medication can induce gout

A

pyrazinamide

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4
Q

what are the 4 main drugs for treating TB

A

isoniazde
rifampicin
ethambutol
pyranizamide

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5
Q

what are the symptoms of testicular torsion

A

sever lower abdominal pain
swollen high testicle
apyrexial
absent cremasteric reflex

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6
Q

what are the common causes of sudden painless loss of vision

A

ichaemic optic neuropathy (temporal arteritis or atherosclerosis)
occlusion of central retinal vein or artery (glaucoma, polycythaemia, hypertension)
vitreuos haemorrhage
retinal detachment

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7
Q

when should a GP consider referring a dupytrens contracture

A

when the joints cannot be straightened and the hand cannot be placed flat on the table

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8
Q

what do you prescribe for c difficile

A

oral metronidazole and 48 hour isolation

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9
Q

clomiphene

A

used to induce ovulation

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10
Q

what is danazol

A

treat endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease

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11
Q

ulipristal

A

EllaOne

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12
Q

what is ebstein anomoly

A

caused by use of lithium in pregancy

creates tricuspid regurgitation -pan systolic murmur

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13
Q

when does tetralogy of fallot present

A

usually after 1-2 months

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14
Q

what is a rouleaux formation

A

staking of red blood cells- myeloma

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15
Q

what are the complications of myeloma

A
CRAB:
Calcium raised
renal failure
anaemia 
bone paine 
bence jones proteins in urine
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16
Q

what is a good way to differentiate dementia and delerium

A

fluctuation of symtpoms over a 24 hour period

usually have impaired consciousness and attention
agitation 
illusions 
hallucinations
delusions
17
Q

what are some complications of staph aureus

A

absesses (groin and psoas)

endocarditis

18
Q

what is the most common cardiac manifestation of SLE

A

pericarditis

19
Q

what is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children

A

minimal change glomerulonephritis

20
Q

what can cause minimal change disease

A
idiopathic
NSAIDS
lymphoma
thymoma
Mono

usually treated with steroids

21
Q

why are people from the himalyas most prone to iodine deficiency hypothyroidism

A

iodine gets washed away by flooding

22
Q

how can you differentiate between a stomach ulcer and a duodenal ulcer

A

pain relieved by eating

23
Q

what are the features of total anterior circulation infarcts

A

middle and anterior cerebral arteries involved

unilateral hemiparesis and hemisensory loss

homonymous hemianopia

higher cognitive dysfunction eg dyshpasia

24
Q

how can you differentiate between ischaemia and haemorrhagic strokes

A

haemorrhage more likely to:

have decreased consciousness

headache
nausea and vomiting
seizures

25
Q

what medications might you stop in AKI

A

ramipril
metformin
diclofenac
losartan

26
Q

what drugs if started in the last week are a risk factor for AKI

A

NSAIDS
ACE inhibitors
ARB

27
Q

what medications are safe in AKI

A

senna

paracetamol

28
Q

what GI medication can cause hyponatraemia

A

omeprazole