Chronic Kidney disease Flashcards
what is the most abundant protein in urine
tamm-horsfall glycoprotein (THP)
What blood pressure medication is considered ‘renoprotective’
ACE/ARB
what is chronic kidney disease
abnormal kidney function present for more than 3 months
what is CKD Mineral bone disease
hypocalcaemia, hyperparathyroidism
renal anaemia
metabolic acidosis
hyperkalaemia
what is a normal kidney size
11cm
how big might a polycystic kidney be
18 cm
what is azotaemia
elevation of nitrogenous waste in the blood due to failure of clearance by the kidneys
how can you assess kidney function
renal blood flow
GFR
tubular functions
Endocrine functions
what are the stages of kidney failure based on eGFR
<15 failure
15-29 severe
30-59 moderate
60-89 mild
it is possible to have kidney damage with normal GFR
how do you manage Ckd
Screen suceptible popultions timely referal treat underlying cause delay progression treat complications reduce cardiovascular risks prepare for timely renal replacement therapy
what patients would you refer regardless of GFR
malignant hypertension
hyperkalaemia
proteinuria with odema
proteinuria and microscopic haematuria
what diabetes medication is cautioned in kidney failure
metformin if below 30
what are the indications for renal replacement therapy
fluid overload
hyperkalaemia
uraemic symptoms (nausea, weight loss, neurological symptoms, pericarditis)
what are the contraindications to haemodialysis
inability to acheive vascular acess dementia severe heart failure clotting disorder low blood pressure
what is steal syndrome
ischaemia distal to fistula
