Anaemia Flashcards
what is normal Hb
121-166 g/L
what is normal haematocrit
0.36-0.49
what are the signs of anaemia
Fatigue • Weakness • Pale or yellowish skin • Irregular heartbeats • Shortness of breath – worse if underlying respiratory or cardiac disease • Dizziness or light-headedness • Chest pain – worse if underlying arterial disease • Cold hands and feet • Headache
how should you initially treat an adult with microcytic hypochromic anaemia
ferrous sulphate and refer for more tests
how should you initially treat an adult with megaloblastic anaemia
send blood for b12 and folate levels
what type of anaemia would you get due to blood loss
normochromic and normocytic (takes a few hours for the plasma to expand in response to blood loss so anaemia is not picked up straight away)
how could you treat normocytic normochromic anaemia
transfusion if symptomatic or ferrous sulphate (1000mls of blood loss means loss of 500mg of iron)
what type of blood disorder does alcohol excess cause
macrocytosis
what causes normochromic normocytic anaemia
acute blood loss
anaemia of chronic disease
anaemia of renal failure
what causes hypochromic microcytic anaemia
severe protein deficiency sideroblastic anaemia thalassaemia chronic inflammation iron deficiency
what are the haematinic anaemias
iron
b12
folate
what are the causes of macrocytic anaemia
• Alcohol • Pregnancy • Drugs – chemotherapy (an*-folates, an*-purines) an* HIV drugs • Liver disease • Raised re*culocyte count • Hypothyroidism • Myelodysplasia, including acquired sideroblas*c anaemia • Aplas*c anemia and red cell aplasia • Hypoxia • Myeloma and other paraproteinaemias
what can cause warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
idiopathic SLE lymphoma CLL drugs teratoma
what can cause cold autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
ebv
mycoplasma pneumonia
UC
what type of anaemia do you get in beta thalassaemia
microcytic