lymphoma Flashcards
what should you ask people with neck lumps
odynophagia otalgia hoarsness dysphagia neck lumps
what investigation must you do on a neck lump
FNA
what could a cancerous node be
mucosal squamous carcinoma
thyroid cancer
salivary gland cancer
skin cancer
what are the risk factor for neck lump
HPV
cannabis
smoking
alcohol
what do salivary gland lumps that are tender with meals suggest
stones
thyroid cancer
rare
usually curable
most nodules are benign
what cells are found in hodgkins disease
reid sternberg cells
what cells are found in non hodgkins
diffuse abnormal lymphocytes
what is an indolent non hodgkins disease
slow growing tumours
may not need treatment for a long time
rarely cured but respond well to treatment
e.g. follicular lymphomas
what are the features of high grade non hodgkins
grow quickly
symptomatic
can be completely cured
eg. large cell b lymphomas and burkitt lymphomas
how can you stage lymphomas
Stage 1 : One group of lymph nodes is affected.
Stage 2: Two or more groups of nodes are affected, but the lymphoma is restricted to one side of the diaphragm only
Stage 3: Lymphadenopathy is evident on both sides (above and below) of the diaphragm.
Stage 4: The lymphoma has spread beyond the lymph nodes to other organs such as the spleen, bone marrow, liver or lungs.
what does myeloid refer to
neutrophils
what does the term lyphocytic mean
lymphocytes
what is an echymose
large purpura
what could a pupuric rash with gum bleeding indicate
TTP
HUS
menigitis
leukaemia
