Random

Question 1

loss of function in GAP1 (GTPase activating proteins) will cause formation of (R7 cells) . . .

Answer 1

multiple R7 cells

Question 2

Regarding R7 specification, what gene is required non-cell-autonomously?

Answer 2

boss

Question 3

constitutively active means . . .

Answer 3

always on

Question 4

constitutively active Sev vs Sev+

Answer 4

sev = always on working
sev+ = working gene (but not always on)

Question 5

each B cell expresses only on successfully rearranged immunoglobulin, because of . . .

Answer 5

allelic exclusion (one of the alleles is silenced)

Question 6

how does p53 function

Answer 6

disrupts formation of cyclin/CDK complex

Question 7

bicoid, nanos, toll, torso, dorsal are all what type of genes . . .

Answer 7

maternal effect

Question 8

conservation in the order of genes along the chromosome from different species vs same gene in different species from same parental species

Answer 8

synteny vs orthologs

Question 9

SNP stands for

Answer 9

single nucleotide polymorphism

Question 10

what are the symptoms of MERRF

Answer 10

seizures, ataxia, dementia, epileptic seizures

Question 11

Describe the notch pathway. What connects to notch? What transports the proteolytically cleaved notch to the nucleus?

Answer 11

DELTA protein attaches to notch receptor, Su(H) transports proteolytically cleaved notch to the nucleus to alter gene expression

Question 12

the RTK activates Ras through what??

Answer 12

RTK is phosphorylated, adaptor molecules attach and activate Ras

Question 13

Kruppel is repressed by . . .

activated by . . .

Answer 13

high levels of bicoid; low levels of bicoid and hunchback (HB)

Question 14

Knirps is repressed by . . .

activated by . . .

Answer 14

bicoid; low levels of hunchback

Question 15

Kruppel and knirps similarities, differences?

Answer 15

Both activated by low levels of hunchback; knirps repressed by bicoid, activated by low levels of hunchback

Question 16

________ complex contains five genes that specify HEAD and first 2 thoracic segments

Answer 16

Antennapedia

Question 17

_______ complex contains 3 genes that specify structures in the POSTERIOR portion of the second thoracic segment, and abdominal segments

Answer 17

bithorax

Question 18

antennapedia = \_\_\_\_\_\_
bithorax = \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 18

antennapedia = head
bithorax = tail

Question 19

moltuple sclerosis, insulin-dependent diabetes (type I), rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus, rheumatic fever are all . . .

Answer 19

autoimmune diseases

Question 20

kaposi sacroma is a . . .

Answer 20

viral cancer (caused by herpes virus)

Question 21

difference between c-onc and v-onc (introns)

Answer 21

c-onc have introns, v-onc don’t

Question 22

difference between c-onc and v-onc (proteins)

Answer 22

c-onc - encode active or inactive state proteins

v-onc - encode always active state proteins

Question 23

the epithelial-mesenchymal transition means . . .

Answer 23

metastasis occurs

Question 24

normal vs cancer cells: autocrine stimulation

Answer 24

normal: absent
cancer: present

Question 25

normal vs cancer cells: contact inhibition

Answer 25

normal: present
cancer: absent

Question 26

normal vs cancer cells: irradiation causing cell death

Answer 26

normal: present
cancer: absent

Question 27

normal vs cancer cells: gap junctions

Answer 27

normal: present
cancer: absent

Question 28

Knudson vs Lynn Margulis

Answer 28

Knudson - cancer is multi-step (thru RB studies)

Lynn Margulis - endosymbiont theory (mito are engulfed bacteria)

Question 29

the high level of genomic instability in cancer cells is known as the ________ _________

Answer 29

mutator phenotype

Question 30

BAX is a TSG or oncogene

Answer 30

TSG

Question 31

. . . inhibits BAX; therefore, inhibits cell apoptosis

Answer 31

Bcl-2

Question 32

narrow selection heritability equation (how to remember)

Answer 32

h_2 = Va / Vp = R / S (alphabetical order!)