Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Genetics > 241 - 34 & 35, Developmental Genetics II > Flashcards

241 - 34 & 35, Developmental Genetics II Flashcards

1
Q

In Drosophila, the formation of the dorsal-ventral axis depends on the ____ pathway, which is similar to the NFκB pathway

A

Toll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Toll receptors, activated by Spätzel, cause a nuclear ________ of Dorsal (the Drosophila NFκB homolog). Dorsal then activates the transcription of genes required for the formation of ventral side

A

translocation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The formation of the terminal structures depends on _____, which is a receptor tyrosine kinase.

A

Torso

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The Torso signaling cascade acts through ___

A

Ras

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

________ is a soluble molecule capable of providing ________-dependent instructions for cell differentiation.

A

morphogen, concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the maternal genes are also called the _______ genes

A

coordinate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

segment polarity genes collectively known as _________ genes

A

segmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the body is segmented by the ___, ____-rule

A

gap, pair-rule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

________ (_______) genes determine the identity of each segment in axis specification

A

homeotic (selector)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In . . . genes, gradients of bicoid and nanos RNAs are generated maternally
during oogenesis

A

maternal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

determinants for localizations in maternal genes reside in the . . .

A

3’ UTRs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

. . . genes are expressed in broad stripes during embryogenesis

A

gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mutations in ___ genes cause large gaps in segmentation pattern.

A

gap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

. . . genes are expressed in 7 stripes, generated by the regulation of maternal and gap genes.

A

pair-rule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mutations in . . . genes eliminate segment-size sections at every other segment.

A

pair-rule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

. . . genes are expressed in 14 stripes

A

segment polarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mutations in . . . genes eliminate part of each segment.

A

segment polarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

. . . genes encode transcription factors

A

Hox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

60-amino-acid DNA- binding homeodomain is a transcription factor encoded by . . . genes

A

hox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In Drosophila, there are two Hox gene complexes, . . . and . . .

A

Ant-C and Bx-C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Hox genes are ________ in mammals

A

conserved (all animals have box genes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Bicoid is a _______-effect gene.

A

maternal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bicoid controls the formation of _______ structures

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bicoid acts as a _________

A

morphogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The localization determinant for bicoid mRNA is in __‘UTR

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Bicoid gene encodes a homeodomain-containing _________ _______

A

transcription factor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

You have isolated a mutant affecting anterior-posterior patterning of the Drosophila embryo, in which every other segment of the developing mutant embryo was missing. Based on this observation, the mutation is likely be in a

A

pair-rule gene

28
Q

ou have cloned a piece of DNA that contains the candidate gene. In situ hybridization using this DNA was performed to determine the expression pattern of this gene during embryogenesis. Based on the discussion in class, you’ll expect to see

A

7 stripes

29
Q

In Drosophila Hox mutants, the NUMBER / TYPE of segments is affected.

A

Type

30
Q

Drosophila contains ___ (#) Hox gene complexes.

A

2

31
Q

The arrangement of Hox genes on chromosome is . . . with structures specified by these genes.

A

co-linear

32
Q

The organization and function of Hox genes are conserved in _______

A

mammals

33
Q

Hox genes encode _________ ______, which include DNA-binding homeodomain

A

transcription factors

34
Q

the zygote of drosophila can undergo 13 divisions without _________

A

cytokinesis

35
Q

the anterior distribution of the drosophila embryo is ______ mRNA

A

bicoid

36
Q

the posterior distribution of the drosophila embryo is ______ mRNA

A

nanos

37
Q

the _____ receptor proteins located terminally

A

torso

38
Q

the _____ receptor proteins located ventrally

A

toll

39
Q

dorsal-ventral axis specified by the nuclear translocation of ______ protein

A

dorsal

40
Q

the terminal pathway utilizes . . .

A

RTK (receptor tyrosine kinases

41
Q

anterior-posterior gradients formed by . . . genes

A

maternal effect

42
Q

zygotic . . . genes divide embryo into broad regions

A

gap

43
Q

zygotic . . . genes divide embryo into stripes two segments wide, the combined action defines segment borders

A

pair-rule

44
Q

__ stripes will be observed after zygotic pair-rule genes

A

7

45
Q

zygotic . . . genes divide segments into anterior and posterior halves

A

segment polarity

46
Q

_______ - determine cell fates can also be specified by specific amounts of soluble molecules secreted at a distance from the target cells.

A

morphogens

47
Q

morphogen may specify more than one cell type by forming a ________ _______

A

concentration gradient

48
Q

Homozygous loss of _____ in the mother leads to the formation of embryos that lack head structures, regardless of the father’s genotype.

A

bicoid (controls anterior)

49
Q

bicoid and nanos are _________

A

morphogens

50
Q

bicoid and nanos mRNA (morphogens) are localized in _______

A

oocytes

51
Q

regulation of bicoid and nanos mRNA is by _’ UTR

A

3

52
Q

the bicoid functions in ________ specification of the anterior-posterior axis

A

maternal

53
Q

caudal mRNA inhibited by, hunchback stimulated by ______ mRNA

A

bicoid

54
Q

hunchback mRNA inhibited by ______ mRNA

A

nanos

55
Q

match the following genes with the drosophila body regions they develop:

  • toll
  • cactus
  • dorsal
  • nanos
  • torso
  • bicoid
A
  • toll - ventral (w/ dorsal)
  • cactus - dorsal (w/ dorsal)
  • dorsal - ventral (t) or doral (c)
  • nanos - posterior
  • torso - terminal
  • bicoid - anterior
56
Q

list the 3 types of segmentation genes (in the order they act)

A

gap genes
pair-rule genes
segment polarity genes

57
Q

list the 3 types of developmental genes (in the order they act)

A

egg polarity genes
Segmentation genes
Homeotic genes

58
Q

homeotic genes determine the ______ of individual segments

A

indentity

59
Q

Hox genes, a type of homeotic are special because . . .

A

conserved in mammals

60
Q

hunchback is ACTIVATED / SUPPRESSED by bicoid

A

activated (forms head structures)

61
Q

hunchback is ACTIVATED / SUPPRESSED by nanos

A

suppressed (forms tail structure)

62
Q

protein whose concentration gradient affects development fate of a region

A

morphogen

63
Q

________ was used to prove that genes aren’t lost or permanently altered during development

A

cloning

64
Q

egg-polarity genes are expressed in the _____

A

mother (maternal effect genes)

65
Q

egg-polarity genes are expressed in the _____

A

mother (maternal effect genes)

Genetics (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions