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Question 1

During colposcopy one or two liquids can be applied to help identify abnormal cells. Name the two active ingredients of the liquids and what substance is being assessed as being present in normal cells or absent in abnormal cells?

Answer 1

Acetic acid (1 mark)
Iodine (1 mark)
Both are assessing the glycogen content of the cells (1 mark)

Question 2

How much of the surface layer is affected by dysplastic cells in CIN 2 (cervical cancer)

Answer 2

2/3rds of the surface layer

Question 3

The Gardasil vaccine protects against HPV16 and which other HPV member that with HPV16 accounts for 70% of cervical cancer?

Answer 3

18

Question 4

3. The combined test for Down Syndrome uses the nuchal translucency and a blood test. What two hormones/proteins are measured in the mothers blood for this test? Do not use abbreviations or if you do also give the full names of these substances.

Answer 4

Free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin
Pregnancy associated plasma protein – A

Question 5

1. What cells invade the maternal spiral arteries normally that allow these vessels to become low resistance vessels?

Answer 5

endovascular cytotrophoblast