prematurity

Question 1

low birth weight weight

Answer 1

<2499g

Question 2

very low birth weight weight

Answer 2

<1500g

Question 3

extremely low birth weight weight

Answer 3

<1000g

Question 4

2/3 infant deaths weight

Answer 4

<2.5kg

Question 5

IUGR refers to

Answer 5

bottom 10% of weight for gestational age plus chronic hypoxia or failure to thrive

Question 6

hypoxia in IUGR which arteries

Answer 6

middle cerebral, umbilical

Question 7

normal foetal growth by week

Answer 7

5g per day at 14-15 weeks of gestation
10g per day at 20 weeks
30-35g per day at 32-34 weeks

Question 8

what is the measurement of the bump from top to bottom called

Answer 8

symphysiofundal height

Question 9

what causes type 1 IUGR

Answer 9

genetic or infection

Question 10

describe IUGR type 1 growth vs normal constitutional tiny person charts

Answer 10

Question 11

what is type 2 IUGR - when, what associated with

Answer 11

asymmetric - after 28 weeks
Maternal hypertension and pre-eclampsia
Renal disease
Vasculopathies

Head sparing
normal cell number but small inside

hardly any fat, skin folds

Question 12

what is type 1 IUGR

Answer 12

symmetrical
fewer cells in baby (less hyperplasia)
20-30%

Question 13

post-partum IUGR complications (5)

Answer 13

Increased incidence of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Persistent fetal circulation insufficiency (patent ductus arteriosus)
Difficulty in temperature regulation
Absent brown fat and small body mass to surface area
Poor glycogen stores may predispose to hypoglycemia
Chronic intrauterine hypoxia lead to polycythemia, necrotizing enterocolitis, other metabolic abnormalities

Question 14

IUGR and meconium

Answer 14

higher incidence of aspiration

Question 15

IUGR complications in babyhood

Answer 15

Question 16

what lag in symphyshiofundal height is suggestive of IUGR

Answer 16

4 weeks
or 6 weeks severe

Question 17

uterine fundus at 20wks

Answer 17

umbilicus

Question 18

highest aetiology of IUGR

Answer 18

placental and cord abnormalities

Question 19

what gives the greatest predictive value for IUGR

Answer 19

abdominal circumference of foetus

Question 20

how can you tell symmetric vs asymmetric IUGR by measuring

Answer 20

centiles over time ratio. symmetric ratio is 1, asymmetric is head sparing so head stays on higher centile

Question 21

what should umbilical artery doppler show in healthy baby, what does it show in IUGR

Answer 21

plenty of flow throughout diastole

absent or even reversed flow in diastole in IUGR

Question 22

…reduces pre-term birth by 60%

Answer 22

vitamin D supplementaion

Question 23

surfactant produced by

Answer 23

type 2 pneumocyte

Question 24

how do you lower risk of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm baby

Answer 24

maternal steroids

Question 25

what drives angiogenesis

Answer 25

hypoxia

Question 26

tummy prob in preterm neonate - who has it more commonly

Answer 26

necrotising enterocolitis
formula fed preterm