Radiology of Lung Cancer Flashcards
What is the definition of a pulmonary mass?
An opacity in lung greater than 3cm with no mediastinal adenopathy or atelectasis.
What is the definition of a pulmonary nodule?
An opacity in lung up to 3cm with no mediastinal adenopathy or atelectasis.
What is the T in cancer staging?
Size and spread of tumour.
What is the N in cancer staging?
Whether cancer cells have spread to the lymph nodes.
What is the M in cancer staging?
Whether cancer cells have spread elsewhere in the body (metastases)
What does TX refer to?
A primary tumour that cannot be assessed.
What does T0 refer to?
No evidence of primary tumour.
What does Tis refer to?
Carcinoma in situ
What is a T1 tumour?
-Tumour ≤3 cm across, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura, without bronchoscopic evidence of involvement of the main bronchus
-T1a minimally invasive adenocarcinoma Tumor <=1 cm in greatest dimension
-T1b Tumor <=2 cm
-T1c<=3 cm
What is a T2 tumour?
Tumour between 3 cm and 5 cm or
tumour with any of the following features (T2 tumors with these features are classified T2a if ≤5 cm)
-Involves main bronchus, but not carina
-Invades visceral pleura
-Associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis that extends to the hilar region involving part or all the lung
T2a Tumor between 3 cm and 4 cm in greatest dimension
T2b Tumor between 4cm and 5 cm in greatest dimension
What’s a T3 tumour?
Between 5 and 7cm or invades chest wall, phrenic nerve or parietal pericardium.
Or a separate tumour nodule in same lobe as the primary.
What’s a T4 tumour?
Greater than 7cm or invades Diaphragm
mediastinum
heart
great vessels
trachea
recurrent laryngeal nerve
esophagus
vertebral body
carina
What are the classes of N staging in lung cancer?
N0 - no lymph node metastases.
N1 - ipsilateral periobronchial, hilar or intrapulmonary nodes
N2 - ipsilateral mediastinal, subcarinal
N3 - Contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, scalene or supraclavicular
What proprtion of patients present with metastases?
1/3
Mainly cerebral, adrenal, skeletal and liver
What are the different levels of M staging in lung cancer?
M0 - no distant metastases
M1- distant metastases
M1a - separate tumour nodule in contralateral lobe or tumour with pericardial or pleural nodules or malignant pericardial or pleural effusion.
M1b - single distant metastases
M1c - multiple distant metastases
