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Integrated Biomedical Sciences > Radiology (bone healing and pathology) - MECHAM > Flashcards

Radiology (bone healing and pathology) - MECHAM Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 histologic stages of bone healing?

A
  1. Hematoma formation (immediate)
  2. Granuloma (0-14 days)
  3. Callus formation (2-3 weeks)
  4. Lamellar bone formation (3 weeks - months)
  5. Remodeling of bone to normal contour
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2
Q

Which of the following is categorized under the Reactive/ Inflammatory phase of bone healing?

(select all that apply)

A. Hematoma formation

B. Granuloma formation

C. Callus formation

D. Lamellar bone formation

E. Remodeling of bone to normal contour

A

A. Hematoma formation

B. Granuloma formation

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3
Q

Which of the following is categorized under the Reparative phase of bone healing?

(select all that apply)

A. Hematoma formation

B. Granuloma formation

C. Callus formation

D. Lamellar bone formation

E. Remodeling of bone to normal contour

A

C. Callus formation

D. Lamellar bone formation

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4
Q

Which of the following is categorized under the Remodeling phase of bone healing?

(select all that apply)

A. Hematoma formation

B. Granuloma formation

C. Callus formation

D. Lamellar bone formation

E. Remodeling of bone to normal contour

A

E. Remodeling of bone to normal contour

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5
Q

Discuss Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease):

  • Degeneration and disordered repair of ______.
  • Is this an inflammatory disorder?
A
  • Degeneration and disordered repair of articular cartilage result in structural failure of synovial joints
  • Considered intrinsic cartilage disorder and NOT inflammatory
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6
Q

Occasionally, osteophytes will fracture from the joint and remain as loose bodies within the synovial cavity. These osteophytes are known as _________.

A

Joint mice

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7
Q

Which of the following is an inflammatory disease?

A. Osteoarthritis

B. Rheumatoid arthritis

A

B. Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis:

  • Autoimmune synovial membrane inflammation in several joints
  • TMJ affected in 50% of patients
  • Synovial granulation tissue (pannus)
  • Can lead to fibrous or osseous ankylosis
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8
Q

Which of the following is characterized by uric acid crystal deposition in joints?

A. Gout

B. Pseudogout

A

A. Gout

Gout = Uric acid

Pseudogout = Calcium pyrophosphate

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9
Q

Which of the following is characterized by calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition in joints?

A. Gout

B. Pseudogout

A

B. Pseudogout

Gout = Uric acid

Pseudogout = Calcium pyrophosphate

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10
Q

What is the difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis?

A

Osteopenia: less than peak bone mass, considered variation of normal

Osteoporosis: way under peak bone mass; increased risk of fracture

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11
Q

Discuss Rickets and Osteomalacia:

  • Both are manifestations of _______ or its abnormal metabolism.
  • Which one is seen in children?
A

Rickets and Osteomalacia are both manifestations of vitamin D deficiency or its abnormal metabolism.

Rickets = children (growth plates)

Osteomalacia = adults

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12
Q

Which of the following conditions contain the highest amount of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)?

A. Rickets/Osteomalacia

B. Paget’s disease

C. Hyperthyroidism

D. Multiple myeloma

A

B. Paget’s disease

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13
Q

Discuss Vitamin D function:

  • Vitamin D promotes ______ and _____ absorption in the intestines.
  • What hormone does it inhibit?
A
  • Vitamin D promotes calcium and phosphate absorption in the intestines.
  • Vitamin D inhibits PTH production in the parathyroid glands
    note: PTH induces bone resorption by reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys
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14
Q

Which of the following causes bone resorption?

A. Vitamin D

B. PTH

A

B. PTH

Parathyroid Hormone:

  • directly increases bone resorption to increase serum calcium
  • Increases reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys and expels phosphates

note: if PTH causes bone resorption then what does hyperparathyroidism cause?
* more bone reabsorption

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15
Q

______ is caused by a vitamin C deficiency and can lead to ______.

A

Scurvy is caused by a vitamin C deficiency and can lead to osteoporosis.

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16
Q

What are the 6 symptoms associated with Hypercalcemia?

hint: they all rhyme

A
  1. Stones (kidney stones)
  2. Bones (osteoporosis)
  3. Groans (abdominal pain)
  4. Moans (malaise, lethargy)
  5. Thrones (polyuria, polydipsia)
  6. Psychiatric overtones (confusion, memory loss)
17
Q

______ is a condition characterized by grossly thinned cortex, increased fibrous tissue with foci of hemorrhage and cysts, widespread and multiple lesions. This condition is a result of hyperparathyroidism.

A

Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica

18
Q

Discuss Osteopetrosis:

  • also known as _____ disease
  • Failure of ______ acid activity
  • Bones are dense, _______, but ____ and ______ easily.
A

Osteopetrosis

  • also known as marble bone disease
  • Failure of osteoclastic acid activity
  • Bones are dense, stonelike, but brittle and fracture easily
19
Q

Which of the following is characterized as “brittle bone disease” due to a defective formation of Type I collagen?

A. Osteoporosis

B. Osteogenesis imperfecta

C. Osteomalacia

D. Osteopetrosis

A

B. Osteogenesis imperfecta

20
Q

Which of the following is characterized by a “cotton wool” appearance and enlarged cranium? “My hat doesn’t fit”

A. Osteomyelitis

B. Osteogenesis imperfecta

C. Osteomalacia

D. Osteopetrosis

E. Paget disease

A

E. Paget disease

21
Q

Which of the following is characterized by a sequestrum? This disease is typically caused by an S. Aureus infection.

A. Osteomyelitis

B. Osteogenesis imperfecta

C. Osteomalacia

D. Osteonecrosis

E. Paget disease

A

A. Osteomyelitis

22
Q

Which of the following is caused by taking bisphosphonates?

A. Osteomyelitis

B. Osteogenesis imperfecta

C. Osteomalacia

D. Osteonecrosis

E. Paget disease

A

D. Osteonecrosis

Paget’s disease = “cotton wool” appearance

Osteogenesis imperfecta = “brittle bone disease”

Osteomyelitis = sequestrum (bone marrow)

Osteonecrosis = bisphosphonates

23
Q

Which of the following has the highest levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP)?

A. Osteomyelitis

B. Osteogenesis imperfecta

C. Osteomalacia

D. Osteonecrosis

E. Paget disease

A

E. Paget disease

Paget = ALP

24
Q

______ is characterized by grossly thinned cortex, increased fibrous tissue with foci of hemorrhage and cyst.

A

Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica

25
Q

Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica can be caused by ______.

A

Hyperparathyroidism

26
Q

What enzyme is extremely high in Paget’s disease?

A

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)

  • ALP is important in bone mineralization (turnover)
27
Q

Discuss Osteopetrosis:

  • What are the two names of the disease that cause this?
  • Failure of _______ acid activity
  • Shows _______ appearance of bone.
    • Why is the appearance of bone misleading?
A

Osteopetrosis

  • Albers-Schonber disease or marble bone disease
  • Failure of osteoclastic acid activity
  • Bones are dense, stone-like, but brittle and fracture easily

Integrated Biomedical Sciences (13 decks)

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