Muscle Pathology (AWAN) Flashcards
Myasthenia Gravis is due to a deficiency or abnormal behavior of _______ at the neuromuscular junction.
Acetlycholine
The earliest symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis is ______ and ______.
Ptosis and diplopia
Discuss Myasthenia Gravis:
- Deficiency or abnormal behavior of _____ at the NMJ
- What are the earliest symptoms? (2)
- What type of disorder is it?
Myasthenia Gravis
- Deficiency or abnormal behavior of ACh at the NMJ
- Ptosis (drooping eye lid) and Diplopia (double-vision)
- is an Acquired auto-immune disorder
Which of the following is seen in strokes?
A. Upper motor neuron disease
B. Lower motor neuron disease
C. Neuromuscular junction disease
A. Upper motor neuron disease
- produces weakness of one side of the body
- the arm is typically flexed
- the leg is extended
- the limbs have increased tone
- the use of hands is particularly limited
- sclerosis
- tumors
- spinal cord injury
End-plate potential is too low to propagate an action potential in the muscle fiber describes which of the following?
A. Upper motor neuron disease
B. Lower motor neuron disease
C. Neuromuscular junction disease
C. Neuromuscular junction disease
Upper motor neuron disease = stroke
Lower motor neuron disease = produces flaccid muscle weakness
NMJ disease = end-plate potential is too low to propagate an action potential
Upper motor neuron disease may be caused by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Sclerosis
B. Tumors
C. Viruses
D. Spinal cord injury
C. Viruses
Upper motor neuron disease may be caused by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Sclerosis
B. Tumors
C. Drug-induced
D. Spinal cord injury
C. Drug-induced
Postmortem contraction of skeletal muscles is termed ________.
Rigor Mortis
Discuss muscle atrophy:
- define muscle atrophy
- what are the 3 types of muscle atrophy?
Muscle atrophy
- Reduction of muuscle size caused by a decrease of myofiber diameters
- Three types:
- physiologic
- pathologic
- neurologic
Which of the following is the most severe muscle atrophy?
A. Physiologic atrophy
B. Pathologic atrophy
C. Neurogenic atrophy
C. Neurogenic atrophy
Which of the following can be caused by Cushing disease?
A. Physiologic atrophy
B. Pathologic atrophy
C. Neurogenic atrophy
B. Pathologic atrophy
Carpal tunnel syndrome is an example of which of the following?
A. Physiologic atrophy
B. Pathologic atrophy
C. Neurogenic atrophy
C. Neurogenic atrophy
Which of the following is caused by not using muscles enough and can be reversed with excercise and better nutrition?
A. Physiologic atrophy
B. Pathologic atrophy
C. Neurogenic atrophy
A. Physiologic atrophy
Pathologic atrophy can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Aging
B. Starvation
C. Not using muscles enough
D. Cushing disease
C. Not using muscles enough
Discuss Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy:
- Is seen in only ______ (M/F)
- How is it transmitted?
- When is onset?
- What muscles are affected first?
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)
- ONLY in males
- transmitted by sex linked recessive gene
- females carry the disease through gene but males are victims
- Onset is in the first few years of life
- Pelvic girdle muscles are affected first
Duchenne muscle dystrophy is only seen in ______.
A. Males
B. Females
A. Males
_______ are the first muscles affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Pelvic girdle muscles
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is characterized by a lack of ______.
Dystrophin
Discuss how Duchenne muscular dystrophy is diagnosed:
- Age at onset
- Pattern of inheritance
- Diagnosis confirmed by EMG and muscle biopsy
- In Duchenne, creatine kinase is markedly elevated
Discuss Becker muscular dystrophy:
- similar to _____.
- when does it appear
- how rapid does it progress
- why does it progress at that rate?
Becker muscular dystrophy
- similar to Duchenne
- appears later in life
- progresses more slowly
- some functional dystrophin is produced
