Microbial (FREITAS) Flashcards by Gavin Kallabat

(T/F)

Patients with achlorhydria or who take strong antacids are easily infected with Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli.

False

Salmonella and Vibrio would survive, NOT E. coli

H. pylori = found in the stomach and is acid resistant

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(T/F)

Patients with achlorhydria or who take strong antacids are easily infected with Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio.

True

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This GI location has an alkaline portion and an absorptive mucosa portion. Ex. of normal bacteria: Lactobacillus Diphtheroidsd.

A. Stomach

B. Small intestine

C. Large intestine

D. Colon

B. Small intestine

Upper small intestine: Alkaline, absorptive, normal bacteria: Lactobacillus, Bacteroids, Diphtheroids and C. albicans

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(T/F)

Campylobacter species are microaerophilic.

True

Campylobacter require low concentration of O2 to survive. They are not tolerant to high O2 levels

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All is true about Cholera infections, EXCEPT:

A. Common microorganisms- Vibrio cholerae

B. Symptoms- colorless diarrhea: “rice-water stools”

C. Enterotoxin: Choleragen increases adenyl cyclase

D. Vibrio cholerae- coccus, gram positive

Choleragen = increase adenyl cyclase which promotes massive water and electrolyte loss

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This GI infection is associated to infantile gastroenteritis:

A. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

B. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)

C. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)

D. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)

C. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)

ETEC = bacterial diarrheal illness

EIEC = inflammatory colitis

EPEC = infantile gastroenteritis

EHEC = hemorrhagic colitis

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Which of the following causes inflammatory colitis?

A. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

B. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)

C. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)

D. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)

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Which of the following causes hemorrhagic colitis?

A. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

B. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)

C. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)

D. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)

B. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)

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Which of the following causes bacterial diarrheal illness?

A. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

B. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)

C. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)

D. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)

A. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)

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Heartburn, peptic ulcer, pulpitis, enamel erosion, saliva displacement and urease production are related to:

A. Campylobacter coli

B. Helicobacter pylori

C. Clostridium perfringens

D. Shigella flexneri

B. Helicobacter pylori

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(T/F)

Staphylococcal food poisoning - S. aureus spores survive boiling and will contribute to the enterotoxin produce.

False

while S. aureus produce an enterotoxin, it is non-spore forming
Clostridium perfringens (spore-forming): it’s spores survive boiling and will germinate in the anaerobic conditions

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All of the following parasites are involved in GI infections, EXCEPT:

A. Rotavirus gastroenteritis

B. Entamoeba histolytica

C. Giardiasis-giardia (G. intestinalis)

D. Ascaris lumbricoides

A. Rotavirus gastroenteritis

Rotavirus:

viral infections in children causing diarrhea and loss of absorptive mucosa

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(T/F)

Lactobacilli (normal bacteria - vagina). Its main role is to keep pH low to prevent the growth of pathogens.

True

Lactobacilli = vagina

note: the only sterile site in the urinary tract are the kidneys

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Lower urinary tract infection. Painful urination refers to:

A. Bacteriuria

B. Dysuria

C. Pyuria

D. Prostatitis

B. Dysuria

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All of the following is TRUE about acute post-streptococcal infectious glomerulonephritis, EXCEPT:

A. It is a complication of Strep. sore throat (S. pyogenes)

B. A hypersensitivity I disorder

C. Nephrotoxins - streptolysin, cross reactivity, immune complexes

D. Usually in pediatric patients

B. A hypersensitivity I disorder

acute post-streptococcal infectious glomerulonephritis = Type III hypersensitivity reaction

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(T/F)

Escherichia coli UPEC (most common etiologic agent of female cystitis).

True

Other microorganisms associated with Cystitis:

Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
Klebsiella pneumoniae
C. albicans (yeast infection)
E. coli (UPEC): most common cause

(T/F)

Urethritis infection can be associated to gonococcal and non-gonococcal microorganism.

True

Non-gonococcal = Chlamydia, herpes, CMV and C. albicans

This STD is caused by the Treponema palliduum and Gumma represents the most destructive phase of infection.

A. Gonorrhea

B. Syphilis

C. Chlamydia

D. HPV

B. Syphilis

(T/F)

Helicobacter pylori is found as a predominant bacteria in the stomach and small intestine.

False

H. pylori = stomach ONLY

The part of the GI tract with the largest natural microbiota is the:

A. small intestine

B. stomach

C. esophagus

D. colon or large intestine

All of the following are natural defenses of the GI tract EXCEPT:

A. gastric acid

B. water and electrolytes

C. bile salts

D. normal bowel flora

B. water and electrolytes

This pathogen is a gram negative bacteria, S-shaped and motile. Plays part of the many GI infections. Found in infected poultry, unpasteurized milk, and untreated water. It is found in the oral cavity, and some species of it had been implicated in periodontal diseases. Ex. C. concisus

A. E. coli

B. Campylobacter

C. Salmonella

D. Shigella

C. Salmonella

Bacillary dysentary is caused by which of the following pathogens?

A. Salmonella

B. Shigella

C. H. pylori

D. E. coli

B. Shigella

E. coli virulent factors include all of the following EXCEPT: A. Frimbriae B. Enterotoxin C. Capsular K antigens D. Lipoteichoic acids

D. Lipoteichoic acids Lipoteichoic acids are common in gram-positive bacteria E. coli is gram-negative

This sexual transmitted disease have three main stages: Primary (Chancre), Secondary (Mucocutaneous spread), and Tertiary (Destructive granulomatous nodules). A. HIV B. Gonorrhea C. Syphilis D. HPV

C. Syphilis

All of the following are bacteria causing GI disease for preformed toxins EXCEPT: A. S. mutans B. Shigella C. S. aureus D. C. perfringens

A. S. mutans

Urinary tract natural defenses are all of the following EXCEPT: A. Flushing action of urine B. Bactericidal mechanisms in bladder mucosa C. Local antibodies, and lysozymes D. Hepatic deactivation of toxins

D. Hepatic deactivation of toxins

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the presence of pus cells (polymorphs) in urine. A. Pyuria B. Bacteriuria C. Dysuria D. Pyelonephritis

A. Pyuria

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is an infection of the bladder (lower urinary tract mucosa). A. Pyuria B. Bacteriuria C. Dysuria D. Pyelonephritis E. Cystitis

E. Cystitis

\_\_\_\_\_\_ is an infection of the parenchyma of the kidney. A. Pyuria B. Bacteriuria C. Dysuria D. Pyelonephritis E. Cystitis

D. Pyelonephritis

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is multiplication of bacteria in urine within the renal tract. A. Pyuria B. Bacteriuria C. Dysuria D. Pyelonephritis E. Cystitis

B. Bacteriuria

(T/F) The main microorganisms associated to Urethritis are Chlamydia trachomatis and Treponema pallidum.

False **_Urethritis:_** * **Chlamydia** * **N. gonorrheae** * herpes * CMV * Candida albicans * Trichomonas vaginalis * UPEC (E. coli - uropathic)

(T/F) The main microorganisms associated to Urethritis are **Chlamydia trachomatis** and **Neisseria gonorrheae**.

True

Which of the following areas is NOT associated with an infection that could be produced by sexually transmitted diseases? A. Oropharynx B. Oral cavity C. Rectum D. Psoriasis

D. Psoriasis

(T/F) Syphilis is associated to Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and can impact your patient's dental treatment.

False Syphilis = Treponema pallidum