Microbial (FREITAS) Flashcards
(T/F)
Patients with achlorhydria or who take strong antacids are easily infected with Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli.
False
Salmonella and Vibrio would survive, NOT E. coli
H. pylori = found in the stomach and is acid resistant
(T/F)
Patients with achlorhydria or who take strong antacids are easily infected with Salmonella typhimurium and Vibrio.
True
This GI location has an alkaline portion and an absorptive mucosa portion. Ex. of normal bacteria: Lactobacillus Diphtheroidsd.
A. Stomach
B. Small intestine
C. Large intestine
D. Colon
B. Small intestine
Upper small intestine: Alkaline, absorptive, normal bacteria: Lactobacillus, Bacteroids, Diphtheroids and C. albicans
(T/F)
Campylobacter species are microaerophilic.
True
Campylobacter require low concentration of O2 to survive. They are not tolerant to high O2 levels
All is true about Cholera infections, EXCEPT:
A. Common microorganisms- Vibrio cholerae
B. Symptoms- colorless diarrhea: “rice-water stools”
C. Enterotoxin: Choleragen increases adenyl cyclase
D. Vibrio cholerae- coccus, gram positive
D. Vibrio cholerae- coccus, gram positive
Choleragen = increase adenyl cyclase which promotes massive water and electrolyte loss
This GI infection is associated to infantile gastroenteritis:
A. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
B. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
C. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
D. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
C. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
ETEC = bacterial diarrheal illness
EIEC = inflammatory colitis
EPEC = infantile gastroenteritis
EHEC = hemorrhagic colitis
Which of the following causes inflammatory colitis?
A. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
B. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
C. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
D. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
D. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
Which of the following causes hemorrhagic colitis?
A. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
B. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
C. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
D. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
B. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
Which of the following causes bacterial diarrheal illness?
A. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
B. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)
C. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
D. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)
A. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC)
Heartburn, peptic ulcer, pulpitis, enamel erosion, saliva displacement and urease production are related to:
A. Campylobacter coli
B. Helicobacter pylori
C. Clostridium perfringens
D. Shigella flexneri
B. Helicobacter pylori
(T/F)
Staphylococcal food poisoning - S. aureus spores survive boiling and will contribute to the enterotoxin produce.
False
- while S. aureus produce an enterotoxin, it is non-spore forming
- Clostridium perfringens (spore-forming): it’s spores survive boiling and will germinate in the anaerobic conditions
All of the following parasites are involved in GI infections, EXCEPT:
A. Rotavirus gastroenteritis
B. Entamoeba histolytica
C. Giardiasis-giardia (G. intestinalis)
D. Ascaris lumbricoides
A. Rotavirus gastroenteritis
Rotavirus:
- viral infections in children causing diarrhea and loss of absorptive mucosa
(T/F)
Lactobacilli (normal bacteria - vagina). Its main role is to keep pH low to prevent the growth of pathogens.
True
Lactobacilli = vagina
note: the only sterile site in the urinary tract are the kidneys
Lower urinary tract infection. Painful urination refers to:
A. Bacteriuria
B. Dysuria
C. Pyuria
D. Prostatitis
B. Dysuria
All of the following is TRUE about acute post-streptococcal infectious glomerulonephritis, EXCEPT:
A. It is a complication of Strep. sore throat (S. pyogenes)
B. A hypersensitivity I disorder
C. Nephrotoxins - streptolysin, cross reactivity, immune complexes
D. Usually in pediatric patients
B. A hypersensitivity I disorder
acute post-streptococcal infectious glomerulonephritis = Type III hypersensitivity reaction
(T/F)
Escherichia coli UPEC (most common etiologic agent of female cystitis).
True
Other microorganisms associated with Cystitis:
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
- Klebsiella pneumoniae
- C. albicans (yeast infection)
- E. coli (UPEC): most common cause
(T/F)
Urethritis infection can be associated to gonococcal and non-gonococcal microorganism.
True
Non-gonococcal = Chlamydia, herpes, CMV and C. albicans
This STD is caused by the Treponema palliduum and Gumma represents the most destructive phase of infection.
A. Gonorrhea
B. Syphilis
C. Chlamydia
D. HPV
B. Syphilis
(T/F)
Helicobacter pylori is found as a predominant bacteria in the stomach and small intestine.
False
H. pylori = stomach ONLY
The part of the GI tract with the largest natural microbiota is the:
A. small intestine
B. stomach
C. esophagus
D. colon or large intestine
D. colon or large intestine
All of the following are natural defenses of the GI tract EXCEPT:
A. gastric acid
B. water and electrolytes
C. bile salts
D. normal bowel flora
B. water and electrolytes
This pathogen is a gram negative bacteria, S-shaped and motile. Plays part of the many GI infections. Found in infected poultry, unpasteurized milk, and untreated water. It is found in the oral cavity, and some species of it had been implicated in periodontal diseases. Ex. C. concisus
A. E. coli
B. Campylobacter
C. Salmonella
D. Shigella
C. Salmonella
Bacillary dysentary is caused by which of the following pathogens?
A. Salmonella
B. Shigella
C. H. pylori
D. E. coli
B. Shigella
E. coli virulent factors include all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Frimbriae
B. Enterotoxin
C. Capsular K antigens
D. Lipoteichoic acids
D. Lipoteichoic acids
Lipoteichoic acids are common in gram-positive bacteria
E. coli is gram-negative
This sexual transmitted disease have three main stages: Primary (Chancre), Secondary (Mucocutaneous spread), and Tertiary (Destructive granulomatous nodules).
A. HIV
B. Gonorrhea
C. Syphilis
D. HPV
C. Syphilis
All of the following are bacteria causing GI disease for preformed toxins EXCEPT:
A. S. mutans
B. Shigella
C. S. aureus
D. C. perfringens
A. S. mutans
Urinary tract natural defenses are all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Flushing action of urine
B. Bactericidal mechanisms in bladder mucosa
C. Local antibodies, and lysozymes
D. Hepatic deactivation of toxins
D. Hepatic deactivation of toxins
_______ is the presence of pus cells (polymorphs) in urine.
A. Pyuria
B. Bacteriuria
C. Dysuria
D. Pyelonephritis
A. Pyuria
_______ is an infection of the bladder (lower urinary tract mucosa).
A. Pyuria
B. Bacteriuria
C. Dysuria
D. Pyelonephritis
E. Cystitis
E. Cystitis
______ is an infection of the parenchyma of the kidney.
A. Pyuria
B. Bacteriuria
C. Dysuria
D. Pyelonephritis
E. Cystitis
D. Pyelonephritis
_______ is multiplication of bacteria in urine within the renal tract.
A. Pyuria
B. Bacteriuria
C. Dysuria
D. Pyelonephritis
E. Cystitis
B. Bacteriuria
(T/F)
The main microorganisms associated to Urethritis are Chlamydia trachomatis and Treponema pallidum.
False
Urethritis:
- Chlamydia
- N. gonorrheae
- herpes
- CMV
- Candida albicans
- Trichomonas vaginalis
- UPEC (E. coli - uropathic)
(T/F)
The main microorganisms associated to Urethritis are Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrheae.
True
Which of the following areas is NOT associated with an infection that could be produced by sexually transmitted diseases?
A. Oropharynx
B. Oral cavity
C. Rectum
D. Psoriasis
D. Psoriasis
(T/F)
Syphilis is associated to Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and can impact your patient’s dental treatment.
False
Syphilis = Treponema pallidum
