Pharmacology (GI tract) Flashcards

1
Q

______ secrete somatostatin and are closely associated with parietal cells.

A. Chief cells

B. D cells

C. Enterochromaffin-like

D. G cells

E. Mucus cells

A

B. D cells

Chief cells = secrete pepsinogen

D cells = secrete somatostatin

Enterochromaffin-like = secrete histamin

G cells = secrete gastrin

Parietal cells = secrete gastric acid

Mucus cells = secrete mucus and HCO3-

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2
Q

________ secrete gastrin and are deep within gastric glands.

A. Chief cells

B. D cells

C. Enterochromaffin-like

D. G cells

E. Mucus cells

A

D. G cells

Chief cells = secrete pepsinogen

D cells = secrete somatostatin

Enterochromaffin-like = secrete histamin

G cells = secrete gastrin

Parietal cells = secrete gastric acid

Mucus cells = secrete mucus and HCO3-

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3
Q

_______ secrete pepsinogen and are activated by an acidic environment.

A. Chief cells

B. D cells

C. Enterochromaffin-like

D. G cells

E. Mucus cells

A

A. Chief cells

Chief cells = secrete pepsinogen

D cells = secrete somatostatin

Enterochromaffin-like = secrete histamin

G cells = secrete gastrin

Parietal cells = secrete gastric acid

Mucus cells = secrete mucus and HCO3-

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4
Q

Which of the following secrete histamine?

A. Chief cells

B. D cells

C. Enterochromaffin-like

D. G cells

E. Mucus cells

A

C. Enterochromaffin-like

Chief cells = secrete pepsinogen

D cells = secrete somatostatin

Enterochromaffin-like = secrete histamin

G cells = secrete gastrin

Parietal cells = secrete gastric acid

Mucus cells = secrete mucus and HCO3-

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5
Q

Which of the following provides a physical and chemical border that prevents autodigestion?

A. Chief cells

B. D cells

C. Enterochromaffin-like

D. G cells

E. Mucus cells

A

E. Mucus cells

Chief cells = secrete pepsinogen

D cells = secrete somatostatin

Enterochromaffin-like = secrete histamin

G cells = secrete gastrin

Parietal cells = secrete gastric acid

Mucus cells = secrete mucus and HCO3-

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6
Q

Which of the following makes the lumen of stomach 2.5 million times more acidic by secreted gastric acid?

A. Chief cells

B. D cells

C. Enterochromaffin-like

D. Parietal cells

E. Mucus cells

A

D. Parietal cells

Chief cells = secrete pepsinogen

D cells = secrete somatostatin

Enterochromaffin-like = secrete histamin

G cells = secrete gastrin

Parietal cells = secrete gastric acid

Mucus cells = secrete mucus and HCO3-

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7
Q

Which of the following releases somatostatin and creates negative feedback to inhibit gastric acid, gastrin and pepsinogen secretion?

A. Chief cells

B. D cells

C. Enterochromaffin-like

D. G cells

E. Mucus cells

A

B. D cells

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8
Q

Which of the following secretes gastrin?

A. Parietal cells

B. G cells

A

B. G cells

Parietal cells = gastric acid

G cells = gastrin

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9
Q

Which of the following secretes gastric acid?

A. Parietal cells

B. G cells

A

A. Parietal cells

Parietal cells = gastric acid

G cells = gastrin

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10
Q

Gastrin secretion will lead to acid secretion by which cells?

A. ECL cells

B. G cells

C. Parietal cells

D. Chief cells

E. D cells

A

C. Parietal cells

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11
Q

Autonomic stimulation of which cells will lead to the secretion of gastrin?

A. ECL cells

B. G cells

C. Parietal cells

D. Chief cells

E. D cells

A

B. G cells

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12
Q

Acid secretion stimulates which cells to secrete pepsinogen?

A. ECL cells

B. G cells

C. Parietal cells

D. Chief cells

E. D cells

A

D. Chief cells

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13
Q

Somatostatin secretion will inhibit secretions from all of the following EXCEPT?

A. G cells

B. Parietal cells

C. Mucus cells

D. Chief cells

A

C. Mucus cells

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14
Q

What are the 2 drugs that treat GERD?

A

Omeprazole and Cimetidine

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15
Q

Which of the following is a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) used to treat GERD?

A. Cimetidine

B. Omeprazole

C. Celecoxib

D. Loperamide

E. Docusate

A

B. Omeprazole

Cimetidine = H2 receptor antagonist

Omeprazole = proton-pump inhibitor

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16
Q

Which of the following is an H2 receptor antagonist used to treat GERD?

A. Cimetidine

B. Omeprazole

C. Celecoxib

D. Loperamide

E. Docusate

A

A. Cimetidine

Cimetidine = H2 receptor antagonist

Omeprazole = proton-pump inhibitor

17
Q

Long-term ______ use is a common cause of ulcers.

A. NSAIDs

B. Omeprazole

C. Celecoxib

D. Loperamide

E. Docusate

18
Q

Which of the following is a COX-2 selective inhibitor?

A. NSAIDs

B. Omeprazole

C. Celecoxib

D. Loperamide

E. Docusate

A

C. Celecoxib

19
Q

All of the following are used to treat stomach ulcers EXCEPT:

A. Omeprazole

B. Cimetidine

C. Celecoxib

D. All of the above are used to treat stomach ulcers

A

C. Celecoxib

20
Q

Which of the following is used to alleviate diarrhea but is an opiod receptor agonist?

A. Docusate

B. Omeprazole

C. Celebrex

D. Loperamide

A

D. Loperamide

Loperamide does NOT cross blood brain barrier (BBB)

note: the FDA posted a warning letter about Loperamide causing serious heart problems in people who intentionally abuse loperamide for it opiod effects

21
Q

Which of the following is a stool softener used to treat constipation?

A. Docusate

B. Omeprazole

C. Celebrex

D. Loperamide

A

A. Docusate

Docusate = treats constipation

Loperamide = treats diarrhea

22
Q

Which of the following is a purgative used to induce defecation (shitting)?

A. Lactulose, MG(OH)2

B. Methylcellulose

C. Docusate

D. Bisacodyl

A

D. Bisacodyl

23
Q

All of the following are laxatives EXCEPT:

A. Lactulose

B. Docusate

C. Mg(OH)2

D. Methylcellulose

A

B. Docusate

24
Q

All of the following are used to inhibit emesis (vomiting) EXCEPT:

A. Scopolamine

B. Ondansteron

C. Ipecac

D. Dronabinol

A

C. Ipecac

Ipecac = stimulates emesis (vomiting)

Scopolamine (antimuscarininc “motion sickness”), Ondansteron (zofran) and Dronabinol (cannabinoid) are used to inhibit emesis (vomiting)

25
Which of the following is an antimuscarinic used to treat motion sickness? A. Scopolamine B. Ondansteron C. Ipecac D. Dronabinol
A. Scopolamine Scopolamine = antimuscarinic Ondansteron = 5-HT3 receptor antagonist Ipecac = stimulates vomiting Dronabinol = cannaboid
26
Which of the following is a cannabinoid used to stop you from feeling like vomiting? A. Scopolamine B. Ondansteron C. Ipecac D. Dronabinol
D. Dronabinol
27
Which of the following is a **5-HT3 receptor antagonist** used to reduce nausea and vomiting? A. Scopolamine B. Ondansteron C. Ipecac D. Dronabinol
B. Ondansteron (Zofran)