Discuss the Lateral Pterygoid: Origin and Insertion (superior and inferior head) Action Innervation

_Lateral Pterygoid_ _Origin:_ Superior head = greater wing of sphenoid Inferior head = lateral surface of lateral pterygoid _Insertion:_ Superior head = Articular disc and capsule of TMJ Inferior head = Ramus (mandible) _Action:_ Protrudes and depresses Lateral excursion _ONLY muscle of mastication that does NOT elevate the mandible_ _Innervation_ = CN V3

Discuss the Medial Pterygoid: Origin and Insertion (superficial and deep head) Actions Innervation

_Medial Pterygoid_ _Origin:_ Superficial head = maxillary tuberosity Deep head = medial surface of lateral pterygoid, lateral surface of medial pterygoid and pterygoid fossa _Insertion:_ Inferomedial surface of ramus and angle of mandible _Actions:_ Elevates and protrudes mandible lateral excursion _Innervation_ = CN V3

Discuss the Masseter: Origin and Insertion (superficial and deep head) Actions: Innervation:

_Masseter_ _Origin:_ Superficial head = anterior 2/3 of zygomatic arch Deep head = posterior 1/3 of zygomatic arch _Insertion:_ Superficial head = lateral surface of angle and ramus of mandible Deep head = Ramus and coronoid process _Actions:_ Elevate and protrude mandible lateral excursions _Innervation_ = CN V3

Discuss the Temporalis: Origin and Insertion Actions Innervation

_Temporalis_ _Origin:_ Inferior temporal line Temporal fossa Temporal fascia _Insertion:_ Travels UNDER the zygomatic arch Coronoid process of mandible Anterior border of the ramus (mandible) _Actions:_ Anterior/vertical fibers = elevate mandible Retrudes mandible Lateral excursion _Innervation_ = CN V3

Axial Muscles - NOVAK Flashcards by Gavin Kallabat

List the 21 muscles of Facial Expression:

(AAA BC DD PP ZZ OOO LLL NMR T)

Muscles of Facial Expression:

Auricularis anterior
Auricularis posterior
Auricularis superior
Buccinator
Corrugator supercilii
Depressor labii inferioris
Depressor anguli oris
Procerus
Platysma
Zygomaticus minor
Zygomaticus major
Obicularis oris
Obicularis oculi
Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Levator labii superioris
Levator anguli oris
Nasalis
Mentalis
Risorius
Temporoparietalis

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What cranial nerve are the muscles of facial expression innervated by?

CNVII (facial nerve)

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Discuss the Buccinator muscle:

What is the Origin and Insertion?
What is its Action?
What cranial nerve innervates it?
Pierced by the ______.

Buccinator

O: Alveolar process of maxilla and mandible and pterygomandibular raphe

I: Blends into fibers of obicularis oris

A: compresses cheeks

N: CN VII

Buccinator is pierced by parotid duct

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What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

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All of the following are muscles of mastication EXCEPT:

A. Temporalis

B. Masseter

C. Medial pterygoid

D. Lateral pterygoid

E. Buccinator

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Discuss the Lateral Pterygoid:

Origin and Insertion (superior and inferior head)
Action
Innervation

Lateral Pterygoid

Origin:

Superior head = greater wing of sphenoid
Inferior head = lateral surface of lateral pterygoid

Insertion:

Superior head = Articular disc and capsule of TMJ
Inferior head = Ramus (mandible)

Action:

Protrudes and depresses
Lateral excursion
ONLY muscle of mastication that does NOT elevate the mandible

Innervation = CN V3

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Which of the following is the ONLY muscle of mastication that does NOT elevate the mandible?

A. Temporalis

B. Masseter

C. Lateral pterygoid

D. Medial pterygoid

C. Lateral pterygoid

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Discuss the Medial Pterygoid:

Origin and Insertion (superficial and deep head)
Actions
Innervation

Medial Pterygoid

Origin:

Superficial head = maxillary tuberosity
Deep head = medial surface of lateral pterygoid, lateral surface of medial pterygoid and pterygoid fossa

Insertion:

Inferomedial surface of ramus and angle of mandible

Actions:

Elevates and protrudes mandible
lateral excursion

Innervation = CN V3

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Which of the following is the deepest muscle of mastication?

A. Temporalis

B. Masseter

C. Lateral pterygoid

D. Medial pterygoid

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Discuss the Masseter:

Origin and Insertion (superficial and deep head)
Actions:
Innervation:

Masseter

Origin:

Superficial head = anterior 2/3 of zygomatic arch
Deep head = posterior 1/3 of zygomatic arch

Insertion:

Superficial head = lateral surface of angle and ramus of mandible
Deep head = Ramus and coronoid process

Actions:

Elevate and protrude mandible
lateral excursions

Innervation = CN V3

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Which of the following muscles make up the masseteric sling?

A. Masseter/Medial pterygoid

B. Masseter/Lateral pterygoid

C. Masseter/Temporalis

D. Medial pterygoid/Lateral pterygoid

E. Lateral pterygoid/Temporalis

A. Masseter/Medial pterygoid

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All of the following are correct about the Temporalis EXCEPT:

A. Anterior portion = vertical fibers

B. Middle portion = oblique fibers

C. Posterior portion = horizontal fibers

D. Anterior portion = horizontal fibers

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Discuss the Temporalis:

Origin and Insertion
Actions
Innervation

Temporalis

Origin:

Inferior temporal line
Temporal fossa
Temporal fascia

Insertion:

Travels UNDER the zygomatic arch
Coronoid process of mandible
Anterior border of the ramus (mandible)

Actions:

Anterior/vertical fibers = elevate mandible
Retrudes mandible
Lateral excursion

Innervation = CN V3

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Which of the following muscles of mastication is the main postural muscle (maintains the mandible in rest position)?

A. Temporalis

B. Masseter

C. Later pterygoid

D. Medial pterygoid

A. Temporalis

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What are the 4 Suprahyoid muscles?

Digastric (2 belly muscle)
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

Infrahyoid Muscles:

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

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All of the following are Infrahyoid muscles EXCEPT:

A. Omohyoid

B. Sternohyoid

C. Sternothyroid

D. Geniohyoid

E. Thyrohyoid

D. Geniohyoid

Geniohyoid and Thyrohyoid = C1 via CNXII

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All of the following infrahyoid muscles are innervated by the Ansa cervicalis EXCEPT:

A. Omohyoid

B. Sternohyoid

C. Sternothyroid

D. Geniohyoid

E. Thyrohyoid

Careful: geniohyoid is a suprahyoid muscle

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Which of the following is innervated by C1 via CNXII?

(select all that apply)

A. Omohyoid

B. Sternohyoid

C. Sternothyroid

D. Geniohyoid

E. Thyrohyoid

D. Geniohyoid

E. Thyrohyoid

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Which of the following Suprahyoid muscles is innervated by CN VII?

A. Anterior belly of digastric

B. Posterior belly of digastric

C. Mylohyoid

D. Geniohyoid

B. Posterior belly of digastric

Mylohyoid = CN V3

Anterior belly of digastric = CN V3

Posterior belly of digastric = CN VII

Stylohyoid = CN VII

Geniohyoid = C1 via CN XII

Which of the following Suprahyoid muscles is innervated by CN V3?

A. Anterior belly of digastric

B. Posterior belly of digastric

C. Stylohyoid

D. Geniohyoid

A. Anterior belly of digastric

note: mylohyoid is also innervated by CN V3

Mylohyoid and Anterior belly = CN V3

Stylohyoid and Posterior belly = CN VII

List all 4 of the suprahyoid muscles with their innervation:

Anterior belly of digastric = CN V3

Mylohyoid = CN V3

Posterior belly of digastric = CN VII

Stylohyoid = CN VII

Geniohyoid = C1 via CNXII

List all 4 of the Infrahyoid muscles with their innervation:

Omohyoid = Ansa cervicalis

Sternohyoid = Ansa cervicalis

Sternothyroid = Ansa cervicalis

Thyrohyoid = C1 via CNXII

List all 4 Extrinsic muscles of the tongue with their innervation:

Genioglossus = CN XII
Hyoglossus = CN XII
Palatoglossus = CN X
Styloglossus = CN XII

All of the following extrinsic muscles of the tongue are innervated by CNXII EXCEPT:

A. Genioglossus

B. Hyoglossus

C. Palatoglossus

D. Styloglossus

C. Palatoglossus

An injury to the **right** genioglossus would cause the tongue to deviate to the \_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Right B. Left C. Up D. Down

A. Right note: lick your wounds Uvula = does the opposite of the lick your wounds rule

An injury to the right Uvula would cause the tongue to deviate to the \_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Right B. Left C. Up D. Down

B. Left Uvula deviates to opposite side of injured area

Discuss the Genioglossus: * Origin and Insertion * Action * Innervation

**_Genioglossus_** ## Footnote **_Origin_** = superior mental spines (genial tubercle) **_Insertion_** = body of tongue, hyoid bone **_Action_** = protracts and depresses tongue **_Innervation_** = CNXII

Discuss the Hyoglossus: * Origin and Insertion * Action * Innervation

**_Hyoglossus_** **_Origin_** = body and greater horn of hyoid **_Insertion_** = lateral tongue **_Action_** = depresses and retracts tongue **_Innervation_** = CNXII

Discuss the Palatoglossus: * Origin and Insertion * Action * Innervation

**_Palatoglossus_** ## Footnote **_Origin_** = anterior surface of soft palate, palatine aponeurosis **_Insertion_** = lateral tongue **_Action_** = elevates tongue and depresses soft palate **_Innervation_** = ***CN X***

Discuss the Styloglossus: * Origin and Insertion * Action * Innervation

**_Styloglossus_** ## Footnote **_Origin_** = styloid process **_Insertion_** = lateral tongue **_Action_** = elevates and retracts tongue **_Innervation_** = CNXII

Which of the following extrinsic muscles of the togue protracts (protrudes) the tongue? A. Genioglossus B. Hyoglossus C. Palatoglossus D. Styloglossus

A. Genioglossus

All of the following extrinsic muscles of the tongue inserts on the lateral tongue EXCEPT: A. Genioglossus B. Hyoglossus C. Palatoglossus D. Styloglossus

A. Genioglossus Genioglossus inserts on the body of the tongue and the hyoid bone

List all 3 of the muscles of the pharynx with their innervation:

Superior constrictor = CN X Middle constrictor = CN X Inferior constrictor = CN X

All of the following are constrictor muscles of the pharynx EXCEPT: A. Lateral constrictor muscle B. Superior constrictor muscle C. Middle constrictor muscle D. Inferior constrictor muscle

A. Lateral constrictor muscle note: I made up lateral constrictor muscle...

List all 3 of the **longitudinal** muscles of the pharynx with their innervation:

"My Pal Sal is a 10 but his style is a 9" Palatopharyngeus = CN X Salpingopharyngeus = CN X Stylopharyngeus = CN IX

All of the following muscles of the pharynx are innervated by CN X EXCEPT: A. Superior constrictor B. Inferior constrictor C. Palatopharyngeus D. Salpingopharyngeus E. Stylopharyngeus

E. Stylopharyngeus "My Pal Sal is a 10 but his style is a 9" Stylopharyngeus is the only muscle of the pharynx that is innervated by CN IX (all the rest are innervated by CN X) note: CN X is the nerve of the palate note: CN XII is the nerve of the tongue

List all 5 of the muscles of the **soft palate** with their innervation:

**Tensor veli palatini = CN V3** Levator veli palatini = CN X Musculus uvulae = CN X Palatopharyngeus = CN X Palatoglossus = CN X note: CN X is the nerve of the palate note: all Tensors are CN V3 note: palatopharyngeus is a muscle of the pharynx and soft palate note: palatoglossus is a muscle of the tongue and soft palate

All of the following muscles of the soft palate are innervated by CN X EXCEPT: A. Palatopharyngeus B. Palatoglossus C. Tensor veli palatini D. Musculus uvuulae E. Levator veli palatini

C. Tensor veli palatini ALL TENSORS ARE CN V3

All of the following are muscles of the soft palate EXCEPT: A. Palatopharyngeus B. Palatoglossus C. Tensor veli palatini D. Stylopharyngeus

D. Stylopharyngeus

List all of the muscles innervated by CN V3:

* Muscles of mastication * Tensor veli palatini * Tensor tympani * Anterior belly of digastric * Mylohyoid

List all of the muscles innervated by CN VII:

* Muscles of facial expression * Posterior belly of digastric * Stylohyoid * Stapedius

List **ALL** of the muscles innervated by CN IX:

**Stylopharyngeus** is the only one innervated by CN 9 (LOL)

What is the **ONLY** muscle innervated by CN IX?

Stylopharyngeus

List all of the muscles innervated by CN X:

* All pharyngeal constrictors (superior, middle, inferior) * 2/3 of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx: Palatopharyngeus, Salpingopharyngeus * All of the muscles of the soft palate EXCEPT Tensor veli palatini

List all 3 of the muscles innervated by CN XII:

All extrinsic muscles of the tongue EXCEPT palatoglossus * Genioglossus * Hyoglossus * Styloglossus

List BOTH muscles innervated by C1 via CNXII:

* Geniohyoid * Thyrohyoid

List all 3 of the muscles innervated by the Ansa cervicalis:

All of the infrahyoid muscles EXCEPT thyrohyoid * Omohyoid * Sternohyoid * Sternothyroid