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Integrated Biomedical Sciences > Axial Muscles - NOVAK > Flashcards

Axial Muscles - NOVAK Flashcards

1
Q

List the 21 muscles of Facial Expression:

(AAA BC DD PP ZZ OOO LLL NMR T)

A

Muscles of Facial Expression:

  1. Auricularis anterior
  2. Auricularis posterior
  3. Auricularis superior
  4. Buccinator
  5. Corrugator supercilii
  6. Depressor labii inferioris
  7. Depressor anguli oris
  8. Procerus
  9. Platysma
  10. Zygomaticus minor
  11. Zygomaticus major
  12. Obicularis oris
  13. Obicularis oculi
  14. Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis
  15. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
  16. Levator labii superioris
  17. Levator anguli oris
  18. Nasalis
  19. Mentalis
  20. Risorius
  21. Temporoparietalis
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2
Q

What cranial nerve are the muscles of facial expression innervated by?

A

CNVII (facial nerve)

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3
Q

Discuss the Buccinator muscle:

  • What is the Origin and Insertion?
  • What is its Action?
  • What cranial nerve innervates it?
  • Pierced by the ______.
A

Buccinator

O: Alveolar process of maxilla and mandible and pterygomandibular raphe

I: Blends into fibers of obicularis oris

A: compresses cheeks

N: CN VII

  • Buccinator is pierced by parotid duct
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4
Q

What are the 4 muscles of mastication?

A
  1. Temporalis
  2. Masseter
  3. Medial pterygoid
  4. Lateral pterygoid
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5
Q

All of the following are muscles of mastication EXCEPT:

A. Temporalis

B. Masseter

C. Medial pterygoid

D. Lateral pterygoid

E. Buccinator

A

E. Buccinator

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6
Q

Discuss the Lateral Pterygoid:

  • Origin and Insertion (superior and inferior head)
  • Action
  • Innervation
A

Lateral Pterygoid

Origin:

  • Superior head = greater wing of sphenoid
  • Inferior head = lateral surface of lateral pterygoid

Insertion:

  • Superior head = Articular disc and capsule of TMJ
  • Inferior head = Ramus (mandible)

Action:

  • Protrudes and depresses
  • Lateral excursion
  • ONLY muscle of mastication that does NOT elevate the mandible

Innervation = CN V3

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7
Q

Which of the following is the ONLY muscle of mastication that does NOT elevate the mandible?

A. Temporalis

B. Masseter

C. Lateral pterygoid

D. Medial pterygoid

A

C. Lateral pterygoid

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8
Q

Discuss the Medial Pterygoid:

  • Origin and Insertion (superficial and deep head)
  • Actions
  • Innervation
A

Medial Pterygoid

Origin:

  • Superficial head = maxillary tuberosity
  • Deep head = medial surface of lateral pterygoid, lateral surface of medial pterygoid and pterygoid fossa

Insertion:

  • Inferomedial surface of ramus and angle of mandible

Actions:

  • Elevates and protrudes mandible
  • lateral excursion

Innervation = CN V3

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9
Q

Which of the following is the deepest muscle of mastication?

A. Temporalis

B. Masseter

C. Lateral pterygoid

D. Medial pterygoid

A

D. Medial pterygoid

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10
Q

Discuss the Masseter:

  • Origin and Insertion (superficial and deep head)
  • Actions:
  • Innervation:
A

Masseter

Origin:

  • Superficial head = anterior 2/3 of zygomatic arch
  • Deep head = posterior 1/3 of zygomatic arch

Insertion:

  • Superficial head = lateral surface of angle and ramus of mandible
  • Deep head = Ramus and coronoid process

Actions:

  • Elevate and protrude mandible
  • lateral excursions

Innervation = CN V3

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11
Q

Which of the following muscles make up the masseteric sling?

A. Masseter/Medial pterygoid

B. Masseter/Lateral pterygoid

C. Masseter/Temporalis

D. Medial pterygoid/Lateral pterygoid

E. Lateral pterygoid/Temporalis

A

A. Masseter/Medial pterygoid

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12
Q

All of the following are correct about the Temporalis EXCEPT:

A. Anterior portion = vertical fibers

B. Middle portion = oblique fibers

C. Posterior portion = horizontal fibers

D. Anterior portion = horizontal fibers

A

D. Anterior portion = horizontal fibers

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13
Q

Discuss the Temporalis:

  • Origin and Insertion
  • Actions
  • Innervation
A

Temporalis

Origin:

  • Inferior temporal line
  • Temporal fossa
  • Temporal fascia

Insertion:

  • Travels UNDER the zygomatic arch
  • Coronoid process of mandible
  • Anterior border of the ramus (mandible)

Actions:

  • Anterior/vertical fibers = elevate mandible
  • Retrudes mandible
  • Lateral excursion

Innervation = CN V3

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14
Q

Which of the following muscles of mastication is the main postural muscle (maintains the mandible in rest position)?

A. Temporalis

B. Masseter

C. Later pterygoid

D. Medial pterygoid

A

A. Temporalis

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15
Q

What are the 4 Suprahyoid muscles?

A
  1. Digastric (2 belly muscle)
  2. Stylohyoid
  3. Mylohyoid
  4. Geniohyoid

Infrahyoid Muscles:

  1. Omohyoid
  2. Sternohyoid
  3. Sternothyroid
  4. Thyrohyoid
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16
Q

All of the following are Infrahyoid muscles EXCEPT:

A. Omohyoid

B. Sternohyoid

C. Sternothyroid

D. Geniohyoid

E. Thyrohyoid

A

D. Geniohyoid

Geniohyoid and Thyrohyoid = C1 via CNXII

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17
Q

All of the following infrahyoid muscles are innervated by the Ansa cervicalis EXCEPT:

A. Omohyoid

B. Sternohyoid

C. Sternothyroid

D. Geniohyoid

E. Thyrohyoid

A

E. Thyrohyoid

Careful: geniohyoid is a suprahyoid muscle

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18
Q

Which of the following is innervated by C1 via CNXII?

(select all that apply)

A. Omohyoid

B. Sternohyoid

C. Sternothyroid

D. Geniohyoid

E. Thyrohyoid

A

D. Geniohyoid

E. Thyrohyoid

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19
Q

Which of the following Suprahyoid muscles is innervated by CN VII?

A. Anterior belly of digastric

B. Posterior belly of digastric

C. Mylohyoid

D. Geniohyoid

A

B. Posterior belly of digastric

Mylohyoid = CN V3

Anterior belly of digastric = CN V3

Posterior belly of digastric = CN VII

Stylohyoid = CN VII

Geniohyoid = C1 via CN XII

20
Q

Which of the following Suprahyoid muscles is innervated by CN V3?

A. Anterior belly of digastric

B. Posterior belly of digastric

C. Stylohyoid

D. Geniohyoid

A

A. Anterior belly of digastric

note: mylohyoid is also innervated by CN V3

Mylohyoid and Anterior belly = CN V3

Stylohyoid and Posterior belly = CN VII

21
Q

List all 4 of the suprahyoid muscles with their innervation:

A

Anterior belly of digastric = CN V3

Mylohyoid = CN V3

Posterior belly of digastric = CN VII

Stylohyoid = CN VII

Geniohyoid = C1 via CNXII

22
Q

List all 4 of the Infrahyoid muscles with their innervation:

A

Omohyoid = Ansa cervicalis

Sternohyoid = Ansa cervicalis

Sternothyroid = Ansa cervicalis

Thyrohyoid = C1 via CNXII

23
Q

List all 4 Extrinsic muscles of the tongue with their innervation:

A
  1. Genioglossus = CN XII
  2. Hyoglossus = CN XII
  3. Palatoglossus = CN X
  4. Styloglossus = CN XII
24
Q

All of the following extrinsic muscles of the tongue are innervated by CNXII EXCEPT:

A. Genioglossus

B. Hyoglossus

C. Palatoglossus

D. Styloglossus

A

C. Palatoglossus

25
Q

An injury to the right genioglossus would cause the tongue to deviate to the ______.

A. Right

B. Left

C. Up

D. Down

A

A. Right

note: lick your wounds

Uvula = does the opposite of the lick your wounds rule

26
Q

An injury to the right Uvula would cause the tongue to deviate to the ______.

A. Right

B. Left

C. Up

D. Down

A

B. Left

Uvula deviates to opposite side of injured area

27
Q

Discuss the Genioglossus:

  • Origin and Insertion
  • Action
  • Innervation
A

Genioglossus

Origin = superior mental spines (genial tubercle)

Insertion = body of tongue, hyoid bone

Action = protracts and depresses tongue

Innervation = CNXII

28
Q

Discuss the Hyoglossus:

  • Origin and Insertion
  • Action
  • Innervation
A

Hyoglossus

Origin = body and greater horn of hyoid

Insertion = lateral tongue

Action = depresses and retracts tongue

Innervation = CNXII

29
Q

Discuss the Palatoglossus:

  • Origin and Insertion
  • Action
  • Innervation
A

Palatoglossus

Origin = anterior surface of soft palate, palatine aponeurosis

Insertion = lateral tongue

Action = elevates tongue and depresses soft palate

Innervation = CN X

30
Q

Discuss the Styloglossus:

  • Origin and Insertion
  • Action
  • Innervation
A

Styloglossus

Origin = styloid process

Insertion = lateral tongue

Action = elevates and retracts tongue

Innervation = CNXII

31
Q

Which of the following extrinsic muscles of the togue protracts (protrudes) the tongue?

A. Genioglossus

B. Hyoglossus

C. Palatoglossus

D. Styloglossus

A

A. Genioglossus

32
Q

All of the following extrinsic muscles of the tongue inserts on the lateral tongue EXCEPT:

A. Genioglossus

B. Hyoglossus

C. Palatoglossus

D. Styloglossus

A

A. Genioglossus

Genioglossus inserts on the body of the tongue and the hyoid bone

33
Q

List all 3 of the muscles of the pharynx with their innervation:

A

Superior constrictor = CN X

Middle constrictor = CN X

Inferior constrictor = CN X

34
Q

All of the following are constrictor muscles of the pharynx EXCEPT:

A. Lateral constrictor muscle

B. Superior constrictor muscle

C. Middle constrictor muscle

D. Inferior constrictor muscle

A

A. Lateral constrictor muscle

note: I made up lateral constrictor muscle…

35
Q

List all 3 of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx with their innervation:

A

“My Pal Sal is a 10 but his style is a 9”

Palatopharyngeus = CN X

Salpingopharyngeus = CN X

Stylopharyngeus = CN IX

36
Q

All of the following muscles of the pharynx are innervated by CN X EXCEPT:

A. Superior constrictor

B. Inferior constrictor

C. Palatopharyngeus

D. Salpingopharyngeus

E. Stylopharyngeus

A

E. Stylopharyngeus

“My Pal Sal is a 10 but his style is a 9”

Stylopharyngeus is the only muscle of the pharynx that is innervated by CN IX (all the rest are innervated by CN X)

note: CN X is the nerve of the palate
note: CN XII is the nerve of the tongue

37
Q

List all 5 of the muscles of the soft palate with their innervation:

A

Tensor veli palatini = CN V3

Levator veli palatini = CN X

Musculus uvulae = CN X

Palatopharyngeus = CN X

Palatoglossus = CN X

note: CN X is the nerve of the palate
note: all Tensors are CN V3
note: palatopharyngeus is a muscle of the pharynx and soft palate
note: palatoglossus is a muscle of the tongue and soft palate

38
Q

All of the following muscles of the soft palate are innervated by CN X EXCEPT:

A. Palatopharyngeus

B. Palatoglossus

C. Tensor veli palatini

D. Musculus uvuulae

E. Levator veli palatini

A

C. Tensor veli palatini

ALL TENSORS ARE CN V3

39
Q

All of the following are muscles of the soft palate EXCEPT:

A. Palatopharyngeus

B. Palatoglossus

C. Tensor veli palatini

D. Stylopharyngeus

A

D. Stylopharyngeus

40
Q

List all of the muscles innervated by CN V3:

A
  • Muscles of mastication
  • Tensor veli palatini
  • Tensor tympani
  • Anterior belly of digastric
  • Mylohyoid
41
Q

List all of the muscles innervated by CN VII:

A
  • Muscles of facial expression
  • Posterior belly of digastric
  • Stylohyoid
  • Stapedius
42
Q

List ALL of the muscles innervated by CN IX:

A

Stylopharyngeus is the only one innervated by CN 9 (LOL)

43
Q

What is the ONLY muscle innervated by CN IX?

A

Stylopharyngeus

44
Q

List all of the muscles innervated by CN X:

A
  • All pharyngeal constrictors (superior, middle, inferior)
  • 2/3 of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx: Palatopharyngeus, Salpingopharyngeus
  • All of the muscles of the soft palate EXCEPT Tensor veli palatini
45
Q

List all 3 of the muscles innervated by CN XII:

A

All extrinsic muscles of the tongue EXCEPT palatoglossus

  • Genioglossus
  • Hyoglossus
  • Styloglossus
46
Q

List BOTH muscles innervated by C1 via CNXII:

A
  • Geniohyoid
  • Thyrohyoid
47
Q

List all 3 of the muscles innervated by the Ansa cervicalis:

A

All of the infrahyoid muscles EXCEPT thyrohyoid

  • Omohyoid
  • Sternohyoid
  • Sternothyroid

Integrated Biomedical Sciences (13 decks)

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