Radiology Flashcards
What does gas look like on an ultrasound?
white
Pros/cons of a CT scan
Pros :
- Creates a 3D image of an organ
- high contrast imaging
- for cancer (tumors), injuries, or abnormalities inside the body
Cons:
- higher risks for cancer, especially lung and colon cancer, and leukemia
- Uses radiation, which increases our chances of malignancy
- More expensive
Pros/uses vs cons of an ultrasound
Pros:
- Your doctor may order an ultrasound if you’re having pain, swelling, or other symptoms that require an internal view of your organs.
- less expensive
- no radiation
Cons:
-obstruction of other organs, gas, stools etc
Via CT the colon looks?
‘bubbly’
Via CT the SI looks?
like fluid
Intraperitoneal
SALTeD SPuRSS Stomach Appendix Liver Transverse colon Duodenum(5cm)
Sigmoid colon Pancreas (tail) Rectum (upper 1/3) Spleen Small intestines (jejunum, ileum, caecum)
Retroperitoneal
P: pancreas (except tail) U: ureters. C: colon (ascending and descending) K: kidneys. E: (o)esophagus. R: rectum.
Cirrhosis is?
Cirrhosis is a complication of liver disease which involves loss of liver cells and irreversible scarring of the live
What can go wrong in the liver and gallbladder?
Liver: (abnormal function)
trauma
cancer/ metastisis
cirrhosis (nasty, white, shrunken)
Gall bladder (pain)
- gall stones/ cholecystitis
- cancer
Symptoms of issues with the gall bladder/ liver
- Pain (more due to GB, although liver can have pain)
- Jaundice
- Abn LFT’s
a tangle of blood vessels in the liver
haemangeoma
How do ultrasounds pick us masses?
Sound waves. Blood flow reflects differently to fat/liver tissue and tumors can be identified.
Specific symptoms of gallstones, and how do you identify these?
Symptoms:
- RUQ pain
- nausea, fever
- intermittent (especially after eating fatty food).
Ultrasound used:
-bile in ultrasound = black
- so only gallstones are reflected and visible.
- thickened GB wall due to irritation/ inflammation
Gall stones are barely visible on CT!!
Potential issues with the spleen. How is this identified?
- trauma (ruptured sleen)
- cancer (spleen lymphoma)
- portal hypertension
- congenital eg) cysts
Viewed via CT scan:
- blood around the liver
- decreased haemoglobin
What are the two ways for free air to get into the gut? How is this viewed?
1) trauma
2) gut perforation
Straight to CT. Previously they would’ve have to had been on their side to see free air.
Issues of the stomach or Small bowel have symptoms of? Ways of investigating are?
- pain
- haematemesis
- vomiting
- weight loss
Invest via:
- abdo xray
- endoscopy
- US
- CT (if not sure about SI) (1st scan in eldery)
- barium study
polycystitis
cysts on kidneys
What does the small bowel look like? where is it on a scan
Looks feathery, whitesits in the middle of a picture
Symptoms of a small intestine obstruction
distention, vomiting, nausea, pain
Haustra coli and rugae as identifying things?
Haustra coli don't go all the way across. (Colon) Rugae do (SI)
Symptoms of a colon/LI issue. FIrst thing to do is?
- altered bowel habits
- PR blood
- malaena
1st CT or CT colonoscopy
Faecal loading
shows extremely distended bowels
What can go wrong in the pancreas? what ‘effect’ can this cause?
pancreatitis
Cancer-primary (islet cell tumors or metastisis)
trauma
diabetes
‘nutcracker effect’ (duodenum compressed by SMA and aorta)
Two main reasons for pancreatic issues?
1) Alcohol
2) gallstones in common bile duct
What imaging is first done with kidney issues
US if young
CT if older
