Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Equine Final Year > Radiography and Radiology > Flashcards

Radiography and Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 aims of radiography in the horse

A
  • Minimal exposure / risk to staff
  • Good, diagnostic films of region of interest
  • As little repetition of views as possible – minimum number of exposures possible
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do we acheive: (4)

  • Minimal exposure / risk to staff
  • Good, diagnostic films of region of interest
  • As little repetition of views as possible – minimum number of exposures possible
A
  • Careful attention to protocols and safety
  • Good selection of cases for radiography (no safaris!)
  • Careful positioning and technique
  • Accurate records of exposures and equipment settings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

We beam should we consier using? (especially on a yard)

A

Horizontal beam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the inverse square law?

A

Double the distance = 4 x less exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who should be around when radiographing.. who shouldn’t?

A

Minimum number of staff (>18, not pregnant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do we ned to set up when radiographing on a yard?

A

Temporary controlled area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do we use to centre the beam?

A

Markers on the horse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do we need to measure for horse x-ray? What is this?

A

•Careful measuring of fim focal distance (plate to X-ray head)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What 3 things should we write down?

A
  • Record case details, exposures and outcome
  • Clearly label radiographs (patient, date and leg)
  • Careful storage of radiographs (legal records)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What 4 things do we need to desrcibe about radiograph films when interpreting?

A
  • Animal
  • Region
  • Views
  • Film faults
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When interpreting radiographs what 5 things do we Describe the lesion?

(Roentgen signs?)

A
  • Position
  • Number
  • Size
  • Shape
  • Radiopacity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

After interpreting a rdiograph, what are the next 3 steps?

A

Develop a list of differential diagnoses

Decide any further diagnostic tests

Arrive at the most likely diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you interpret bone on radiographs?

A
  • Sharp vs. Fuzzy = inactive vs. active, acute vs. chronic
  • Smooth vs. irregular = acute vs. chronic
  • Mineralised opacities with medullary pattern = fractures
  • Subchondral bone defects = osteochondrosis, fracture bed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What may a cystic lesion be on a bone? (2)

A
  • Osteochondrosis
  • Subchondral bone cyst
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What may a bone radiolucent line be on radiograph? (2)

A
  • Fracture
  • Artefact
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What changes would you be able to see with soft tissue on radiographs? (3)

A
  • Swelling
  • Presence of air or foreign body - puncture wound
  • Mineralisation - dystrophic calcification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How many views must an abnormality be seen on equine radiograph?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why is it so important to evaluate areas with a high prevalence of certain disease with equine?

A

As the performance demands on animals mean that we may be looking for early and subtle changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the potential causes of radiographic changes? (5)

A
  • Trauma
  • Infection
  • Degeneration
  • Developmental
  • Neoplasia
20
Q

What does DLPMO oblique highlight?

A

Dorsomedial and palmarolateral aspect

21
Q

What does the DMPLO oblique view highlight?

A

Dorsolateral and palmaromedial aspect

22
Q

What view is this?

A

Upright oblique view of the pedal bone

23
Q

Which palmar process if fractured?

A

Lateral palmar process

24
Q

What is this a radiograph of?

A

Hock

25
Q

What does a DLPMO view of the hock highlight?

A

The dorsomedial aspect and the plantarolateral aspect

26
Q

What is visible on the DLPMO view of the hock:

A) Dorsally? (4)

B) Plantar? (3)

A

A) Medial trochlear of talus, central tarsal bone, third tarsal bone and third metatarsal bone

B) Calcaneus, 4th tarsal bone and 4th metatarsal bone

27
Q

What does the DMPLO view of the hock highlight?

A

The dorsolateral aspect and the plantaromedial aspect

28
Q

What is seen on the DMPLO view of the hock:

A) Dorsally? (4)

B) Plantar? (3)

A

A) Lateral trochlear of talus, central tarsal bone, third tarsal bone and third metatarsal bone

B) Calcaneus, 2nd tarsal bone and 2nd metatarsal bone

29
Q

What view is this and what is wrong?

A

Upright navicular view

Radiolucent line proximal to distal border -#

Multiple, variable size and shape areas of sclerosis

30
Q

What view is this? what is wrong?

A

CdCr view

Cystic lesion

31
Q

What is a mach line?

A

Bone overlying another line = artefact

32
Q

What should we be aware of when radiographing after a nerve block?

A

Gas pocket artefact

33
Q

Whats the matter here?

A

Large swelling on back of pastern

34
Q

Whats the matter here?

A

Irregular new bone on dorsal aspect

= fracture

35
Q

What is the matter here?

A

Irregular new bone on dorsal aspect

= infection

36
Q

What view is this?

A

Dorsoplantar view (as you can see splint bones)

37
Q

What view is this?

A

DLPlMO

38
Q

Which view is this?

A

DMPlLO (PlLDMO)

39
Q

A) Which view?

B) Outline the 4 main joints

C) Which joints communicate?

A

A) Latermedial

B)

  • Tarsocrural joint
  • Distal intertarsal joint
  • Proximal intertarsal joint
  • Tarometarsal joint

C) Distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal communicate only in some horses

40
Q

What view is this of the carpus and why?

A

2 splint bones

Dorsopalmar

Accessory carpal bone is lateral

41
Q

DLPaMO view highlights the dorsomedial aspect and the palmarolateral aspect:

A) What is seen dorsally? (3)

B) What is seen on the palmar aspect? (4)

A

A) Radial carpal bone, 3rd carpal bone and 3rd metacarpal bone

B) Accessory carpal bone, ulnar carpal bone, 4th carpal bone and 4th metacarpal bone

42
Q

PaLDMO (DMPaLO) view highlights the dorsolateral aspect and the palmaroromedial aspect:

A) What is seen dorsally? (3)

B) What is on the palmar aspect? (4)

A

A) Intermediate carpal bone, third carpal bone and third metacarpal bone

B) Part of accessory carpal bone, radial carpal bone, 1st and 2nd carpal bones and 2nd metacarpal bone

43
Q

What view of the carpus is this?

A
  • This view highlights the accessory carpal bone (ACB)
  • ACB is palmar and lateral
  • This is therefore a DLPaMO
44
Q

A) Outline the 3 main joints of the carpus

B) Which joints communicate?

A

A)

  • Radiocarapl
  • Medial carpal
  • Carpo metacarpal

B) Carpometacrarpal and middle carpal

45
Q

Describe and interpret this radiograph. Give the most likely differential diagnosis.

History:

Older horse

Responded to abaxial nerve block and positive response

Horse

A

Lateral medial image of the foot

No artefact

Soft tissue – see the capsule and pastern

Long toe; low heel toe confirmation

Lucent areas in hoof capsule – nails and have air artefact

Joints – line distal P1 and distal P2 – bit of Proximal distal rotation. Had to interpret bone

Bone – P2 has a smooth new bone on dorsal aspect of P2. The lip is normal

Extensor process – new bone formation on P3. Radiolucency

Palmar processes are heading down –they should never do this and should be 3-10 degrees the other way

NB – kind of normal but heading into distal extension

Distal sesamoid lig originates here – may be

Smooth new bone on proximal aspect of the NB

Cortex, subchrondral area etc normal

Top D/Dx = OA/DJD of DIP

Prognosis – not great

46
Q

Describe and interpret this radiograph.

Give the most likely differential diagnosis.

History:

Horse was kicked

A

LF DLPaMO horse

Highlights DM and PaL

Soft tissue swelling

Joints – normal

Bones – Palmar lateral surface = 4th metacarpal bone

Irregular new bone on proximal pal lat aspect. Radiolucency and increased opacity with it

D/Dx – fracture of splint bone with bridging callus

47
Q

What is the difference between radiography and radiology?

A

Radiography – taking x-ray

Radiology - interpreting

Equine Final Year (102 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions