Cardiac Histopathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 constituents of the heart and what are the functions?

A

•Cardiac muscle
For contraction to propel the blood

•Fibrous skeleton
Provides attachment for the atrial/ventricular myocardium

•Conducting system
For initiation and propagation of rhythmic depolarisations, which results in rhythmic cardiac muscle contractions

•Coronary vasculature
Coronary arteries for blood supply to the heart; cardiac veins for venous drainage of the heart

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2
Q

What are the 3 heart wall layers? And where are they?

A

•Endocardium (inner)
Lines the ventricles/atria and covers the cardiac valves;
Monolayer of endothelium; inner subendothelial layer with dense collagen; outer subendothelial layer with collagen, elastin, and blood and lymph vessels

•Myocardium (middle)
Cardiac muscle cells (myocytes), embedded in a well-vascularized connective tissue framework (cardiac interstitium)

Epicardium (outer)
= visceral serous pericardium
Layer of mesothelium resting on elastic fibre-rich connective tissue, which is often rich in adipocytes

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3
Q

What is the pericardium? Where is it?

A

Fibroelastic sac that surrounds the heart;
Visceral and parietal serous pericardium, pericardial cavity, fibrous pericardium

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4
Q

Label this heart wall

A

A) Coronary artery

B) Atrial wall

C) Endocardium

D) Epicardium

E) Myocardium

F) Ventricular wall

G) AV valve

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5
Q

Label this heart wall

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endothelium
  4. Endocardium
  5. Mesothelial
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6
Q

What is this?

A

Longitudinal section of myocardium

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7
Q

What is this?

A

Transverse section of myocardium

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8
Q

What are the 6 types of cardiac disease?

A

•Congenital abnormality
Malformations causing systemic-pulmonary shunting
Malformation of heart valves
Others

•Pericardial disease
Non-inflammatory
Inflammatory

•Endocardial disease
Degeneration
Inflammation

•Myocardial disease
Haemorrhage
Degeneration
Necrosis
Inflammation
Cardiomyopathy

  • Diseases of the conduction system
  • Neoplasia
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9
Q

Label (bovine)

A
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10
Q

What is this?

A

Valvular endocarditis

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11
Q

What is this?

A

Inflammatory cells and fibrin in the thrombus

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12
Q

What is this ? (dog)

A
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13
Q

What is this?

A

Haemangiosarcoma

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14
Q

What can be seen here?

A

Descending aorta thrombus

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15
Q

What can be seen?

A
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16
Q

How do we classify canine CDVD?

A

Whitney criteria

17
Q

What are the 2 types of Canine dilated cardiomyopathy and where are they seen?

A

Attenuated wavy-fibre type (most common in giant breeds) and a fatty infiltrative type (more common in boxers and Dobermans)

18
Q

What is this?

A

Left ventricular myocardium of a dog with attenuated wavy fibre type of DCM. The myofibres are thinner than normal and have a wavy appearance.

19
Q

What is this?

A

Left ventricular myocardium of a dog with fatty infiltration–degenerative type of DCM. Vacuolar degeneration of myofibers (small arrows), atrophic myofibers, lipid deposits (large arrows), and cords of collagen (blue staining) are evident. Masson’s trichrome. Bar = 20 µm

20
Q

What can be seen?

A

Coronary vessels appear whitish and thickened

21
Q

What is shown?

A
22
Q

What can be seen?

A

Neutrophils