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Equine Final Year > Equine Examination > Flashcards

Equine Examination Flashcards

1
Q

What do we need to establish about a lameness history?

A
  • Lame before?
  • Duration of lameness
  • Onset of lameness?

–Acute – alarm bells for stress fractures

–Gradual – chronic

  • Last shoeing?
  • Exacerbated by?

–Hard

–Soft/deep – proximal limb lameness

•Medications?

–Response

•Other evaluations?

–Various vets

–Physio

–Chiropracter

  • Farrier
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2
Q

Define conformation

A

‘Physical appearance and outline of a horse as dictated primarily by bone and muscle structure’

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3
Q

What do we look at for conformation fron the front?

A

Does the weight run vertically through the middle of limb?

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4
Q

What do we look at to evaluate conformation from the side?

A

Does vertical line down back of hock, straight metatarsal, back of the fetlock?

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5
Q

With foot balance what needs to be parallel?

A

Dorsal and palmar wall

Medial and lateral wall

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6
Q

What is the hoof angle of the forelimb?

A

45-50 degrees

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7
Q

What is the hoo angle in the hindlimb?

A

50-55 degrees

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8
Q

What should the length of the medial and lateral wall be?

A

Similar length

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9
Q

What is the normal fetlock angle?

A

125 degrees

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10
Q

What soft tissue structure is swollen?

A

SDFT involved – get a big bowing out at the back

Anatomy and palpation is essential – u/s is just to understand the lesion size

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11
Q

Which synovial structure is enlarged?

A

Fetlock effusion and tendon sheath effusion

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12
Q

What does it mean to have obvious muscle asymmetry?

A

Severe and/or chronic lameness, or change in underlying bone conformation

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13
Q

What should we check for with bone, synovial and soft tissue swelling?

A

Check for assymmetry, check for heat and pain, some may be normal for that horse (e.g. tendon sheath effusions)

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14
Q

What is an indirect form of palpation used in horses?

A

Hoof testing

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15
Q

What can be palpated at the scapula? (3)

A

•muscles, spine of scapula, shoulder joint

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16
Q

Wha can be palpated at the humerus? (4)

A
  • Greater tubercle,
  • Biceps tendon,
  • Deltoid tuberosity,
  • Overlying musculature
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17
Q

What can be palpated at the elbow? (4)

A
  • Joint
  • Collateral ligaments
  • Olecranon
  • Triceps
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18
Q

What can be palpated at the radius? (2)

A
  • Overlying muscles
  • Medial shaft of radius
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19
Q

What can be palpated at the carpus? (5)

A
  • Extensor and flexor muscles,
  • Antebrachiocarpal,
  • Intercarpal and carpometacarpal joint,
  • Accessory carpal bone,
  • Carpal sheath
20
Q

What can be palpated at the cannon bone? (4)

A
  • Second, third and fourth metacarpal bones
  • Extensor and flexor tendons,
  • Suspensory ligament,
  • Flexor tendon sheath
21
Q

What can be palpated at the fetlock? (4)

A
  • Dorsal and palmar pouches,
  • Collateral ligaments,
  • Sesamoid bones,
  • Extensor and flexor tendons
22
Q

What can be palpated at the pater region (5)

A
  • Proximal interphalangeal joint,
  • Distal interphalangeal joint,
  • Flexor and extensor tendons,
  • Collateral cartilages,
  • Heel bulbs
23
Q

What can be palpated at the foot? (6)

A
  • Sole
  • White line
  • Heel bulbs
  • Frog
  • Bars
  • Hoof wall
24
Q

What can be palpated at the pelvis? (2)

A
  • Tuber coxae
  • Tuber sacrale
25
Q

What can be palpated at the femur? (2)

A
  • Greter trochanter
  • Muscles
26
Q

What can be palpated at the stifle?(7)

A
  • Patella,
  • Middle, medial and lateral patellar ligaments,
  • Collateral ligaments of stifle,
  • Medial and lateral femorotibial joints,
  • Femoropatellar joint,
  • Quadriceps,
  • Tibial crest.
27
Q

What can be palpated at the tibia? (2)

A
  • Medial shaft of bone,
  • Muscles overlying lateral, Cranial and caudal aspects
28
Q

What can be palpated at the hock? (7)

A
  • Tarsocrural,
  • Proximal intertarsal, distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints,
  • Tarsal sheath,
  • Lateral and medial malleolus of tibia,
  • Trochlea of talus,
  • Calcaneus,
  • Superficial flexor tendon
29
Q

What is the range of movement in the DIP joint?

A

Within hoof capsule

30
Q

What iis the range of movement in the PIP joint?

A

Low motion

31
Q

What is the range of mmovement in the MCP joint?

A

Bulbs of heel should almost touch ergot

32
Q

What is the range of movement of carpus?

A

Cannon almost parallel to radius

33
Q

What is the range of movement of the tarsus and stifle?

A

Flex together should be able to get cannon horizontal to ground

34
Q

What is the name of the system that links the flexion of the hock and stifle?

A

Peroneus Tertius

35
Q

What are the primary signs of lameness?

A
  • Head movement
  • Pelvic movement
36
Q

What are the four less obvious signs of lameness?

A
  • Shortened stride (tracking)
  • Fetlock drop
  • Arc of flight
  • Landing of foot
37
Q

What do you look for a walk in a lameness exam?

A
  • Observe the horse from in front, behind and the side
  • Look for stride length and symmetry
  • Look for foot fall
38
Q

How can you tell if there is lameness in forelimbs?

A

Symmetrical head movement

39
Q

How can you tell if there is lameness in the hindlimbs?

A

Both hips regions move up and down the same amount

40
Q

When does the head bob up with forelimb lameness?

A

When weight bearing on lame limb

41
Q

How do you know if there is hindlimb lameness?

A

•Hip (tuber coxae/ gluteal region) motion

–Asymmetry

•Length of stride

–shortened

•Flexion and extension of the hock and fetlock

–decreased

42
Q

What is the lameness grading system?

A
  • 0 No lameness/sound
  • 1 Mild, inconsistent lameness in a straight line (subtle or inconsistent head nod or pelvic hike)
  • 2 Moderate and consistent lameness (consistent head nod or pelvic hike, moving by several centimetres)
  • 3 Obvious, marked lameness (head and pelvis move by several centimetres), head and neck nod seen with hindlimb lameness
  • 4 Severe lameness; extreme head nod/pelvic hike; horse is lame in walk but can be trotted
  • 5 Severe, non-weight bearing lameness; horse cannot and should not be trotted
43
Q

What is the purpose of lunging?

A
  • Exacerbates weight bearing lameness of inside limb
  • Exacerbates swinging leg lameness of outside limb
  • Use different surfaces
44
Q

What is the purpose of flexion tests?

A

Exacerbates baeline lameness

45
Q

What does this show?

A

•Perineural (nerve block)

–Clean hair, clean hands, clean bottle

46
Q

What is involved in intrasyovial anaesthesia?

A

5 min sterile prep, sterile gloves, sterile technique, new bottle of anesthetic

Equine Final Year (102 decks)

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