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135 Dental Radiography > Radiographic Interpretation > Flashcards

Radiographic Interpretation Flashcards

1
Q

What naturally occurring things can be found on radiographs?

A 
Developing permanent teeth
Missing teeth
Supernumerary teeth/roots
Impacted teeth
Dilacerated roots
retained roots
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2
Q

How will metallic restorations appear on a radiograph?

A 
Completely radiopaque (absorb xrays)
Can be one or multi-surface
-We want to know if they are buccal or lingual and what type of metal
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3
Q

How will non-metallic restorations appear on a radiograph?

A

Can very depending on density of the material.
Porcelain= most dense, least radiolucent
Acrylic= least dense and most radiolucent
ex. porcelain crowns, porcelain fused to metal, composites, acrylics

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4
Q

How will amalgam overhangs appear on a radiograph?

A

Extensions of amalgam seen beyond the crown portion of a tooth in the interproximal regions

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5
Q

How will amalgam fragments appear on a radiograph?

A

May be inadvertently embedded in adjacent soft tissue during restoration of a tooth
Dense radiopacity with irregular borders

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6
Q

How will gold restorations appear on a radiograph?

A

Crowns and bridges appear as large radioaque restorations with smooth contours and regular borders
Inlays and onlays will also exhibit marginal outlines that appear smooth with regular borders

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7
Q

How will gold foil restorations appear on a radiograph?

A

One surface

Small, round, radiopaque image and are indistinguishable from one-surface amalgam restorations

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8
Q

What are stainless steel and chrome crowns and how will they appear on radiographs?

A

Prefabricated restorations used in temporary situations.

Often not contoured properly to the cervical portion of tooth and do not appear to fit the tooth well

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9
Q

How will post and core restorations appear on a radiograph?

A

Seen on endodontically treated teeth
Made of cast metal
Core resembles prepped portion of a tooth crown, post extends into the pulp canal

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10
Q

How will all porcelain crowns/ bridges appear on a radiograph?

A

Slightly radiopaque, similar to dentin.

Thin radiopaque line outlining the prepared tooth represents cement

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11
Q

How will porcelain-fused to metal crowns/bridges appear on a radiograph?

A

Porcelain is seen around the outside as slightly radiopacity with radiopaque metal underneath

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12
Q

How will composite restorations appear on a radiograph?

A

Varies from radiolucent to slightly radiopaque depending on composition of material
Can be mistaken for caries

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13
Q

what are acrylic restorations and how will they appear on a radiograph?

A

Often used as a temporary crown or filling and will appear radiolucent

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14
Q

What are base materials and how will they appear on a radiograph?

A

Include zinc phosphate cement and zinc oxide-eugenol paste
Used as cavity liners to protect the pulp of the tooth and is placed on the floor of a cavity preparation
Appears radiopaque but is less radiodense compared to amalgam`

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15
Q

What are metallic pins and how will they appear on a radiograph?

A

Used to enhance retention of amalgam or composite

Appear as cylindrical or screw-shaped radiopaque image

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16
Q

What is gutta percha and how will it appear on a radiograph?

A

Clay-like material used to fill pulp canals

Appears radiopaque, similar in density to base materials

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17
Q

What are silver points and how will they appear on a radiograph?

A

Also used to fill pulp canals

Appear very radiopaque

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18
Q

What are the two component parts of complete dentures? What are they made of?

A

Base material- usually made of acrylics and will appear very faint
Denture teeth- made of porcelain or acrylic and will vary in radiographic appearance based on material used

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19
Q

What is a removable partial denture made of and how will it appear on a radiograph?

A

Constructed of cast metal and appears radiopaque.

Acrylic base material will be more radiolucent and teeth will be acrylic or porcelain and will very in how they appear

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20
Q

How will orthodontic materials appear on a radiograph?

A

Bands, brackets and wires will be observed. Characteristic opaque appearance

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21
Q

What are endosteal implants and how will they appear on a radiograph?

A

Used in oral surgery and will vary in appearance based on shape and design.
Made of metallic material and appears radiopaque

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22
Q

What are some other types of materials used in oral surgery?

A

Suture wires
Metallic splints
Plates
Stabilize the arches

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23
Q

How are dental caries described and how will they appear on a radiograph?

A

Localized destruction of the teeth by microorganisms
Appear radiolucent
Always farther advanced clinically than what can be seen on a radiograph

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24
Q

What are interproximal caries? How will they be viewed on a radiograph?

A

Seen at or just below the contact point
Assume a triangle configuration as it progresses inward toward the dentin.
As it reaches the DEJ, will spread laterally and continue into the dentin

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25
Q

How are interproximal caries classified?

A

According to depth of penetration of enamel/dentin and as incipient, moderate, advanced or severe

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26
Q

What are incipient (class I) interproximal caries and how will they be viewed on a radiograph?

A

Small lesion seen in the enamel only.
Tiny radiolucent notch
Defined as one that extends less than halfway through the thickness of the enamel

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27
Q

What are moderate (class II) interproximal caries and how will they be viewed on a radiograph?

A

Extends more than halfway through the enamel but does not involve the DEJ
Appears as a radiolucent triangle near but involving the DEJ

28
Q

What are advanced (class III) interproximal caries and how will they be viewed on a radiograph?

A

Lesion that extends to or through the DEJ and into dentin but does not extend through the dentin more than half the distance toward the pulp

29
Q

What are severe (class IV) interproximal caries and how will they be viewed on a radiograph?

A

Extend throught he enamel and dentin and more than half the distance toward the pulp.
Large radiolucency extending from interproximal region to crown

30
Q

What are occlusal caries? How will they appear on a radiograph?

A

Occur on the buccal and lingual enamel cusps.
Early occlusal caries are difficult to see on a radiograph and are better found with dental exploration.
Usually not seen until they reach the DEJ

31
Q

How will incipient occlusal caries appear on a radiograph?

A

Cannot be seen and must be detected clinically

32
Q

How will moderate occlusal caries appear on a radiograph?

A

May be seen as a very thin, radiolucent line in dentin

33
Q

How will severe occlusal caries appear on a radiograph?

A

Seen as large radiolucency in dentin

34
Q

What is the best way to detect buccal and lingual caries?

A

Best detected clinically.

May be difficult to detect radiographically because of the superimposition of the densities in normal tooth structure

35
Q

What are root surface caries and how will they appear in radiographs?

A

Involve the cementum and dentin of the roots and occur just below the cervical region.
No enamel involved. Occur dues to bone loss and gingival recession exposing the root surface
Appear as cupped-out or crater-shaped radiolucency in interproximal region

36
Q

What are recurrent caries?

A

Seen adjacent to preexisting restorations.

Occur b/c of inadequate cavity prep, defective margins or incomplete removal of caries before placement of restoration

37
Q

What are rampant caries?

A

Advanced and severe and affect numerous teeth

Seen in children with poor dietary habits or in adults with decreased salivary flow

38
Q

Conditions that can resemble caries

A

Restorative materials
Abrasion
Attrition
Cervical burnout

39
Q

What is abrasion and why can it be mistaken for dental caries?

A

Wearing away of the tooth structure from friction of a foreign object
Frequently caused by tooth brushing and seen in the cervical margin
Appears as well-defined horizontal radiolucency along cervical region

40
Q

What is attrition and why may is be mistaken for dental caries?

A

Mechanical wearing down of the incisal or occlusal surfaces of teeth.
Shallow concavities form when the enamel is worn away followed by rapid wearing away of the dentin

41
Q

What is cervical burnout and why may it be mistaken for dental caries?

A

When tissue density at the cervical region is less dense than regions above and below it.

Appears as a collar or wedge-shaped radiolucency on the mesial/distal root surfaces near the CEJ

42
Q

How will healthy periodontium appear on a radiograph?

A

Alveolar crest located 1.5-2mm apical to the CEJ of adjacent teeth.
In anteriors, crest appears pointed and sharp and very radiopaque
In posteriors, crest is flat, smooth and parallel to a line btw CEJ’s. Slightly less radiopaque
Ligament space is continuous and uniform

43
Q

How is radiographic examination used to evaluate periodontal disease?

A

Used to evaluate the crestal bone, lamina dura, PDL space, length and structure of tooth roots and any furcations

44
Q

What are the limitations of radiographs in the recognition of periodontal disease?

A

Buccal and lingual areas are very difficult to evaluate
Bone loss in furcation areas may not be detected because of superimposition of buccal and lingual bone
Calculus on these surfaces will also be difficult to detect as well as bony or osseous defects

45
Q

In the interpretation of perio disease, what should radiographs be evaluated for?

A

Crestal irregularities
Interseptal alveolar bone loss
Pattern, distribution and severity of bone loss
Furcation involvements
Presence of local irritatnts or predisposing factors

46
Q

What are the two patterns of bone loss?

A

Vertical- Angular, not parallel to the CEJ of adjacent teeth

Horizontal- Occurs in a parallel plane to the CEJ of adjacent teeth

47
Q

How can the distribution of bone loss be described? How is it classified?

A

Localized- in isolated areas
Generalized- evenly throughout the arches

Classified as either mild (20-30%), moderate (30-50%) or severe (50%+)

48
Q

What are some predisposing factors for perio disease?

A

Calculus
Defective restorations
Trauma
Pulpal and periapical lesions

49
Q

What is calculus and how will it appear on radiographs?

A

Stone-like concretion that forms on the crowns and roots of teeth as bacterial plaque calcifies above/below gingival margin
Appears as pointed or irregular radiopaque projections on proximal root surfaces. Also in rings and nodular projections

50
Q

What are defective restorations and how will they appear on radiographs?

A

Restorations with open or loose contacts, poor contour, uneven marginal ridges, overhands and shy margins

51
Q

What are fractures and what can they affect?

A

Defined as the breaking of a part.

May affect the crowns and roots of teeth or the bones of the maxilla and mandible

52
Q

What can crown fractures involve?

A

The enamel only, the enamel and dentin, or the enamel, dentin AND pulp

53
Q

How will root fractures appear on radiographs?

A

Sharp, radiolucent lines on periapicals

54
Q

How will fractures of the mandible appear on radiographs?

A

Radiolucent line at the site where the bone has separated.
Tough to identify on intraoral images but fractures of the maxilla that involve both the labial and palatal plates can usually be sees as a radiolucent line on intra and extra oral images

55
Q

What is luxation?

A

Abnormal displacement of teeth.

Intrusion= Displacement of teeth INTO bone
Extrusion= displacement of teeth OUT of bone
56
Q

What is avulsion?

A

Complete displacement of a tooth from the alveolar bone

Not seen on a radiograph

57
Q

What is physiologic resorption?

A

Roots of a primary tooth are resorbed as the permanent tooth moves in the occlusal position

58
Q

What are the two types of pathologic resorption?

A 
External= Affects apices. Appear blunted. Length of tooth appears shorter than normal
Internal= Lesion appears as a round or ovoid radiolucency in the midcrown or midroot portion
59
Q

What is a periapical granuloma?

A

Localized mass of chronically inflamed granulation tissue found at the apex of a tooth
Result of pulpal death and necrosis
Initially seen as a widened PDL space at apex. Will enlarge over time

60
Q

What is a periapical cyst?

A

Epithelial lined cavity or sac located at the apex of a nonvital tooth
Result of pulpal death and necrosis
Borders corticated or non-corticated

61
Q

What is a periapical abscess?

A

Locallized collection of pus seen in periapical region as result of pulpal death.
Acute abscesses may not be seen radiographically.
Widening of PDL space

62
Q

What is a periodontal abscess?

A

Destructive lesion that originates from a soft tissue pocket

Potetial to cause rapid and extensive bone loss. Several mm in a matter of days

63
Q

What is condensing osteitis?

A

Well-circumscribed focal opacity seen below the apex of a non-vital tooth with history of pulpitis

Not attached to tooth, does not involve PDL

64
Q

What is sclerotic bone?

A

Well-defined focal opacity
Lesion is not attached to a tooth and can vary in size/shape
Margins are smooth or regular and diffuse
Borders are continuous w/ adjacent normal bone. Not associated with non-vital tooth

65
Q

What is hypercementosis?

A

Excess deposition of cementum on root surfaces
Apical area more often affected. Roots appear enlarged and bulbous and are separated from periapical bone by normal-appearing PDL space

135 Dental Radiography (23 decks)

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