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135 Dental Radiography > Ch27 Intraoral Images > Flashcards

Ch27 Intraoral Images Flashcards

1
Q

Cortical bone

A

Also known as compact bone

Dense outer layer of bone

Appears radiopaque on dental images

Inferior border of the mandible is made of cortical bone

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2
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Soft spongy bone between two layers of cortical bone

Has a lattice look and this space is filed with bone marrow

The lattice or trabeculae will also appear radiopaque

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3
Q

5 types of bony prominences

A 
Process
Ridge
Spine
Tubercle
Tuberosity
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4
Q

Process

A

Marked prominence or projection of bone

Coronoid process of mandible

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5
Q

Ridge

A

Linear prominence or projection of bone

Oblique ridge of mandible

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6
Q

Spine

A

Sharp, thorn-like projection of bone

Nasal spine of maxilla

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7
Q

Tubercle

A

Small bump or nodule of bone

Mental tubercles of the mandible

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8
Q

Tuberosity

A

Rounded prominence of bone

Maxillary tuberosity

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9
Q

4 types of spaces and depressions in bone

A

Canal
Foremen
Fossa
Sinus

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10
Q

Canal

A

Tubelike passageway through bone that contains nerves and blood vessels

Mandibular canal

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11
Q

Foremen

A

Opening or hole in bone that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels

Mental foremen of the mandible

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12
Q

Fossa

A

Broad, shallow, scooped out or depressed area of bone

Submandibular fossa of mandible

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13
Q

Sinus

A

Hollow space, cavity or recess in bone

Maxillary sinus

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14
Q

Septum

A

Bony wall or partition that divides two spaces or cavities

May be within a fossa or sinus

Will appear radiopaque

Nasal septum

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15
Q

Suture

A

Immovable joint that represents a line of union between adjoining bones of the skull

Median palatine suture of maxilla

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16
Q

Incisive foramen

A

Opening or hole in bone located at the midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors

Appearance: on an anterior maxillary PA image is appears small, ovoid or round radiolucent area located between the roots of the maxillary central incisors

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17
Q

Superior foramina of the incisive canal

A

Two tiny openings or holes in bone located on the floor of the nasal cavity. Openings of two small canals that extend downward and medically from the floor of the nasal cavity. Join together to form the incisive canal and exit together at the incisive foramen

Appearance: on an anterior maxillary PA image it appears as two small, round radiolucencies superior to the spices of maxillary central incisors

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18
Q

Median palatal suture

A

Immovable joint between the two palatine processes of the maxilla. Extends from the alveolar bone btw the maxillary central incisors to the posterior hard palate

Appearance: on an anterior maxillary PA image the median palatal suture appeared as a thin radiolucent line btw the maxillary central incisors. Maybe less distinctive as patient ages

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19
Q

Lateral fossa

A

Smooth depressed area of maxilla located just inferior and medial to the infraorbital foramen btw the maxillary and central incisors

Appearance: appears as a radiolucent area between the maxillary canine and lateral incisor. Not visible in all patients

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20
Q

Nasal cavity

A

Pear shaped compartment of bone located superior to the maxilla. Floor of the nasal cavity is formed by the palatal process of the maxilla and the horizontal portions of palatine bones. Lateral walls are formed by ethmoid bone and the maxillae. Divided by the nasal septum

Appearance: large radiolucent area superior to the maxillary incisors

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21
Q

Nasal septum

A

Vertical bony wall or partition that divides the nasal cavity into the left/right nasal fossaez formed by cartilage and two ones—vomer and a portion of the ethmoid bone

Appearance: vertical radiopaque partition that divides nasal cavity

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22
Q

Floor of nasal cavity

A

Bony wall formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and the horizontal portions of palatine bones. Composed of dense cortical bone and defines the inferior border of the nasal cavity

Appearance: floor of nasal cavity appears as dense radiopaque bone superior to the maxillary incisors

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23
Q

Anterior nasal spine

A

Sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anterior and inferior portion of the nasal cavity

Appearance: appears as a v-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and nasal septum

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24
Q

Inferior nasal conchae

A

Wafer thin, curbed plates of bone that extend from the lateral walls of the nasal ca it’s. Seen in the lower lateral portions of the nasal cavity.

Appearance: appears as diffuse radiopaque masses or projections within the nasal cavity

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25
Q

Maxillary sinus

A

Paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla. Located superior to maxillary premolar and molar teeth. Rarely extends beyond canines

Appearance: appears as a radiolucent area located superior to the spices of maxillary premolars and molars. Floor of maxillary sinus is composed of dense cortical bone

26
Q

Septa within maxillary sinus

A

Maybe seen within the maxillary sinus lo bony walls or partitions that appear to divide the maxillary sinus into compartments

Appearance: radiopaque lines within the maxillary sinus. Sometimes appear as distinct lines in others none are seen. Varies by individual

27
Q

Nutrient canals within maxillary sinus

A

Tiny tubelike passageways through bone which contain blood vessels and nerves that supply maxillary teeth and interdental areas

Appearance: appears as a narrow radiolucent band bounded by two thin radiopaque lines. Lines represent cortical bone that makes up walls of the canal

28
Q

Inverted Y

A

Refers to the intersection of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity as viewed on a dental image

Appears as a radiopaque upside down Y formed by the intersection of the lateral wall of the nasal fossa and the anterior border of the maxillary sinus

29
Q

Maxillary tuberosity

A

Rounded prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region. Blood vessels and nerves enter the maxilla in this region to supply posterior teeth

Appearance: radiopaque bulge distal to the third molar region

30
Q

Hamulus

A

Small hooklike projection of bone extending from the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone. Posterior to maxillary tuberosity

Appearance: radiopaque hook-like projection posterior to maxillary tuberosity area

31
Q

Zygomatic process of maxilla

A

Bony projection of maxilla that articulates with the zygoma, or molar bone. Composed of dense cortical bone

Appearance: J or U-shaped radiopacity located superior to the maxillary first molar region

32
Q

Zygoma

A

Cheekbone. Articulates with the zygomatic process of the maxilla. Composed of dense cortical bone

Appearance: appears as diffuse radiopaque band extending posteriorly from the zygomatic process of the maxilla

33
Q

Sections of the mandible

A

Ramus
Body
Angle
Alveolar process

34
Q

Ramus

A

Vertical portion of mandible that is found posterior to the third molar

35
Q

Body of mandible

A

Horizontal u-shaped portion that extends from ramus to ramus

36
Q

Angle of mandible

A

Corner portion formed by the junction of posterior and lower borders of ramus

37
Q

Alveolar process of mandible

A

Portion that encases and supports teeth

38
Q

Genial tubercles

A

Tiny bumps of bone that serve as attachment sites for the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles. Located in the lingual aspect of the mandible

Appearance: appears as a ring-shaped radiopacity inferior to the spiciest of the mandibular incisors

39
Q

Lingual foramen

A

Tiny opening or hole in. One located on the internal surface of the mandible. Located near the midline and is supported by genial tubercles

Appearance: appears as small, radiolucent dot located inferior to the spiciest of the mandibular incisors. Surrounded by genial tubercles which appear as a radiopaque ring

40
Q

Nutrient canals

A

Tubelike passageways through bone that contain nerves and blood vessels that supply teeth.

Appearance: vertical radiolucent bands. Readily seen in areas of thin bone

41
Q

Mental ridge

A

Linear prominence of cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible. Extends from premolar region to the midline and slopes slightly upward

Appearance: appears as thick radiopaque band that extends from the premolar region to the incisor region

42
Q

Mental fossa

A

Scoped put, depressed area of bone located in the external surface of the anterior mandible. Located above the mental ridge in the mandibular incisor region

Appearance: radiolucent area above the mental ridge. Appearance of the mental fossa varies and is determined by the thickness of the bone I the anterior region of the mandible

43
Q

Mental foramen

A

Opening or hole in bone located in the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars. Blood vessels and nerves that supply the lower lip exit here

Appearance: small, ovoid or round radiolucent area located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars. May be misdiagnosed as a periodical lesion because of its location

44
Q

Mandibular Canal

A

Tube like passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible. Extends from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen and houses the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels

Appearance: appears as a radiolucent band. Two thin radiopaque lines that represent the cortical walls of the canal outlined the mandibular canal

45
Q

Mylohyoid ridge

A

Linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible. The mylohyoid ridge extends from the third molar region downward and forward to the second premolar area. Serves as an attachment site for the muscles of the same name

Appearance: dense radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the third molar region at the level of the spices of the posterior teeth. Appears most Orrin the molar region

46
Q

External oblique ridge

A

Linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the body of the mandible. Anterior border of the ramus ends here.

Appearance: radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus. Typically ends in the mandibular third molar region. May also be viewed on molar bitewings

47
Q

Anterior border or the ramus

A

Extends vertically downward from the coronoid process to the external oblique ridge

Appearance: on a bitewing, the descending ramus of the mandible may be seen as slightly radiopaque vertical band posterior to the maxillary and mandibular molars

48
Q

Submandibular fossa

A

Scooped out, depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid ridge. Submandibular salivary gland is found here

Appearance: radiolucent area in the molar region below the mylohyoid ridge. Few trabeculae seen here

49
Q

Coronoid process

A

Marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus. Serves as an attachment site for one of the muscles of mastication

Apply: not seen on a mandibular periapical but may appear on a maxillary molar PA. Appears as a triangular radiopacity superimposed over or inferior to, the maxillary tuberosity region

50
Q

Enamel

A

Densest structure in the human body. Outermost radiopaque layer of the crown of a tooth

51
Q

Dentin

A

Found underneath the enamel layer and surrounds the pulp cavity.

Appears radiopaque and makes up the majority of the tooth structure. Not as radiopaque as enamel

52
Q

Dentino-enamel junction

A

Junction between the dentin and the enamel of a tooth. The DEJ appears as a line where the enamel meets the dentin

53
Q

Pulp cavity

A

Consists of pulp chamber and pulp canals. Contains blood vessel, nerves and lymphatic a and appears relatively radiolucent on a dental image.

Generally larger in children than adults

54
Q

Alveolar bone

A

Bone of the maxilla and mandible that encases the roots of teeth. Composed of dense cortical bone and cancellous bone

55
Q

Anatomical landmarks of the alveolar process

A

Lamina dura
Alveolar crest
Periodontal ligament space
Shape and density of alveolar bone

56
Q

Lamina dura

A

Wall of tooth socket that surrounds the root of a tooth. Made of dense cortical bone

Appearance: appears as dense radiopaque line that surrounds the root of a tooth

57
Q

Alveolar crest

A

Most coronal potion of alveolar bone found between teeth. Made up of dense cortical bone and is continuous with the lamina dura

Appearance: appears radiopaque and typically located 1.5 to 2.0mm below the junction of the crown and root surfaces

58
Q

Periodontal ligament space

A

Space btw the tooth of the tooth and the lamina dura. The PDL space contains connective tissues fibers, bloods vessels and lymphatics

Appearance: appears as a thin radiolucent line around the root of a tooth

59
Q

Shape and density of alveolar bone

A

Anterior region: healthy alveolar crest appears pointed and sharp between teeth. Appears as dense radiopaque line in the anterior region

Posterior region: appears flat and smooth between teeth. Tends to appear less dense and less radiopaque than in the anterior region

60
Q

Primary dentition

A

“Baby teeth”

20 teeth. 10 mandibular and 10 maxillary

Smaller and whiter
Roots flare to make room for permanent teeth
Pulp chambers are larger

61
Q

Permanent dentition

A

“Adult teeth”

32 teeth. 16 mandibular and 16 maxillary

62
Q

Mixed dentition

A

Includes both primary and permanent teeth

Between ages 5 and 12 when primaries fall out and permanent teeth grow in

This period can create different dental concerns like crowding, spacing issues, malocclusion TMJ dysfunction and increased plaque and gingivitis due to brushing difficulties

135 Dental Radiography (23 decks)

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