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Radiology > Radiation Risk > Flashcards

Radiation Risk Flashcards

1
Q

Does deterministic risk have a threshold?

A

Yes

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2
Q

The deterministic risk shows that the ________ is proportional to the dose

A

severity

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3
Q

What are examples of deterministic risk?

A

●Erythema
●xerostomia
●cataract
●osteoradionecrosis
●fertility
●fetal development
●alopecia

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4
Q

What is a side-effect of head & neck radiation therapy to treat a malignant neoplasm

A

erythema

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5
Q

Do stochastic effects have a dose threshold?

A

No

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6
Q

Stochastic effect shows that the _____________________ is proportional to dose

A

probability of occurrence

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7
Q

The severity of stochastic effects does or does not depend on dose

A

DOES NOT

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8
Q

To somatic cells -genetic mutations cause ____________

A

malignancy

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9
Q

To germ cells - genetic mutations cause _________________

A

heritable effects

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10
Q

Ionizing Radiation is everywhere in
our environment and examples include…

A
  • Cosmic
  • Inhaled Radon
  • Nuclear Power
  • Electronic Products
  • Rocks
  • Medical/Dental
  • Plants
  • Bodies
  • Food supply
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11
Q

What is the definition of maximum permissable dose?

A

That amount of radiation which in the light of present knowledge will not produce any serious, harmful, or deleterious effects on the individual receiving it.

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12
Q

What is the maximum permissible dose for occupational limits?

A

50 mSv
- 5.0 rem/year

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13
Q

What is the maximum permissible dose for non-occupational limits?

A

5 mSv
- 0.5 rem/year

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14
Q

What is the dental personnel average level of exposure?

A

0.2 mSv

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15
Q

What is the maximum permissible dose for pregnant occupational limits?

A

0.5 mSv (1 month)
5 mSv (9 months)
- 0.5 rem/year

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16
Q

Rate of cellular and organ growth puts tissues at greatest level of ____________________

A

radiosensitivity

17
Q

Greater life expectancy puts children at ____ times greater risk of being afflicted with a radiation induced cancer

A

2-6

18
Q

What type of patients are more at risk for being afflicted with radiation induced cancer?

A

pediatric patient

19
Q

Cancer risks decrease with increasing age because…

A

children have more years of life during which a potential cancer can be expressed and because growing children are inherently more radiosensitive, since they have a larger proportion of dividing cells

20
Q

What is the effective dose for a FMX D-speed?

A

388 µSv

21
Q

What is the effective dose for a dental x-ray single exposure?

A

1.5 mrem

22
Q

What cancers have the highest risk from dental radiographic exposure?

A

Leukemia and thyroid

23
Q

Artificial/Manmade radiation sources are around ___%

A

2%

24
Q

What are artificial/manmade radiation sources?

A
  • Consumer products
    – Televisions, wristwatches, computers
  • Airport scanners
  • Nuclear fuel cycle
  • Weapons production
  • Fall-out from atomic weapons
25
Q

Radiation erythema is a ____________ risk

A

deterministic

26
Q

In 1959 it took ______ exposures to deliver the TED (Threshold radiation Erythema Dose)

A

620

27
Q

In 2024 it takes ______ exposures to deliver the TED (Threshold radiation Erythema Dose)

A

893

28
Q

Using properties of the Inverse Square Law, the dose is decreased ___% if the focal distance is doubled to 16”

A

37%

29
Q

Should x-rays be taken on pregnant people?

A

Dental imaging examinations of pregnant women should not be restricted if clinically indicated

30
Q

Studies show risk for congenital defects is negligible at…

A

50 mSv (50,000 µSv) or less

31
Q

Absorbed deterministic doses of 0-50 mGy cause what issues to a fetus?

A

NO risk of fetal death, malformation, growth retardation, or impairment of mental facility

32
Q

Deterministic OMR imaging procedure has how much fetal radiation dose?

A

0.01 mGy
10 µGy

33
Q

Stochastic OMR imaging procedure has how much fetal radiation dose?

A

0.01 mGy
10 µGy

34
Q

An absorbed dose to the fetus of ____ doubles the natural childhood cancer rate

A

25 mGy

35
Q

Radiographs of pregnant patients as part of any new patient or recall exam must be…

A

postponed until postpartum

36
Q

If urgent care dental treatment is required during pregnancy, radiographs…

A

may be necessary as the standard of care to treat and diagnose a condition that threatens the health of the mother and the unborn child.

Radiology (36 decks)

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