Radiation Risk Flashcards
Does deterministic risk have a threshold?
Yes
The deterministic risk shows that the ________ is proportional to the dose
severity
What are examples of deterministic risk?
●Erythema
●xerostomia
●cataract
●osteoradionecrosis
●fertility
●fetal development
●alopecia
What is a side-effect of head & neck radiation therapy to treat a malignant neoplasm
erythema
Do stochastic effects have a dose threshold?
No
Stochastic effect shows that the _____________________ is proportional to dose
probability of occurrence
The severity of stochastic effects does or does not depend on dose
DOES NOT
To somatic cells -genetic mutations cause ____________
malignancy
To germ cells - genetic mutations cause _________________
heritable effects
Ionizing Radiation is everywhere in
our environment and examples include…
- Cosmic
- Inhaled Radon
- Nuclear Power
- Electronic Products
- Rocks
- Medical/Dental
- Plants
- Bodies
- Food supply
What is the definition of maximum permissable dose?
That amount of radiation which in the light of present knowledge will not produce any serious, harmful, or deleterious effects on the individual receiving it.
What is the maximum permissible dose for occupational limits?
50 mSv
- 5.0 rem/year
What is the maximum permissible dose for non-occupational limits?
5 mSv
- 0.5 rem/year
What is the dental personnel average level of exposure?
0.2 mSv
What is the maximum permissible dose for pregnant occupational limits?
0.5 mSv (1 month)
5 mSv (9 months)
- 0.5 rem/year
Rate of cellular and organ growth puts tissues at greatest level of ____________________
radiosensitivity
Greater life expectancy puts children at ____ times greater risk of being afflicted with a radiation induced cancer
2-6
What type of patients are more at risk for being afflicted with radiation induced cancer?
pediatric patient
Cancer risks decrease with increasing age because…
children have more years of life during which a potential cancer can be expressed and because growing children are inherently more radiosensitive, since they have a larger proportion of dividing cells
What is the effective dose for a FMX D-speed?
388 µSv
What is the effective dose for a dental x-ray single exposure?
1.5 mrem
What cancers have the highest risk from dental radiographic exposure?
Leukemia and thyroid
Artificial/Manmade radiation sources are around ___%
2%
What are artificial/manmade radiation sources?
- Consumer products
– Televisions, wristwatches, computers - Airport scanners
- Nuclear fuel cycle
- Weapons production
- Fall-out from atomic weapons
Radiation erythema is a ____________ risk
deterministic
In 1959 it took ______ exposures to deliver the TED (Threshold radiation Erythema Dose)
620
In 2024 it takes ______ exposures to deliver the TED (Threshold radiation Erythema Dose)
893
Using properties of the Inverse Square Law, the dose is decreased ___% if the focal distance is doubled to 16”
37%
Should x-rays be taken on pregnant people?
Dental imaging examinations of pregnant women should not be restricted if clinically indicated
Studies show risk for congenital defects is negligible at…
50 mSv (50,000 µSv) or less
Absorbed deterministic doses of 0-50 mGy cause what issues to a fetus?
NO risk of fetal death, malformation, growth retardation, or impairment of mental facility
Deterministic OMR imaging procedure has how much fetal radiation dose?
0.01 mGy
10 µGy
Stochastic OMR imaging procedure has how much fetal radiation dose?
0.01 mGy
10 µGy
An absorbed dose to the fetus of ____ doubles the natural childhood cancer rate
25 mGy
Radiographs of pregnant patients as part of any new patient or recall exam must be…
postponed until postpartum
If urgent care dental treatment is required during pregnancy, radiographs…
may be necessary as the standard of care to treat and diagnose a condition that threatens the health of the mother and the unborn child.
