Interpretation of dental caries Flashcards

1
Q

What is one of the most prevalent human diseases?

A

dental caries

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2
Q

Prevalence rate of dental caries finally started decreasing in ______

A

1980s

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3
Q

What is the epidemiology of dental caries?

A
  • disease of “civilized” societies
  • associated with highly refined sugar and retentive food diets that remains prevalent in lower socio-economic groups
  • greatest cause of tooth loss in people 35 and younger
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4
Q

Dental caries are related to bacterial adhesion to tooth surfaces and _______ formation

A

plaque

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5
Q

What is plaque composed of?

A

polysaccharide/enzyme matrix with bacterial colonies that attach to tooth surfaces

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6
Q

Bacteria metabolize dietary carbohydrate producing acid byproducts that lower pH below ___ threshold to decalcify teeth

A

5.5

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7
Q

What are the predisposing factors of dental caries?

A
  1. bacteria
  2. diet
  3. plaque retention
  4. OH compliance
  5. saliva
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8
Q

What type of bacteria are using associated with dental caries?

A

– varies and is dependent on host
a. lactobacillus casei
b. streptococcus mutans
c. actinomyces viscosus

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9
Q

What part of the diet is a predisposing factor to dental caries?

A

glucose

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10
Q

What in the saliva can determine the risk of dental caries?

A

concentrations of salivary glycoproteins and immunoglobulins

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11
Q

What is the range of signs of dental caries?

A

ranges from slight demineralization to gross coronal decay

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12
Q

Where are dental caries usually?

A

defects appear as violations of
i. - smooth surfaces, usually at inaccessible areas
ii. - pit and fissures of occlusal and occasional proximal surfaces

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13
Q

Are dental caries easy to diagnose?

A
  • easy to diagnose
  • Not so easy to stage
  • Harder to treatment plan
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14
Q

What is the standard radiograph that is preferred for caries diagnosis?

A

horizontal bitewing radiograph

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15
Q

If the contacts are overlapped in the bitewing radiograph what was wrong?

A

incorrect horizontal angle

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16
Q

Are Radiographs Necessary for Diagnosing Interproximal Caries?

A

YES!

Clinically you can diagnose without a radiograph
- hard to stage without a radiograph
- interproximal caries are hard to see clincally

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17
Q

Is periapical radiography useful for caries diagnosis?

A

Yes if…
- XCP technique used to minimize linear distortion in the vertical dimension
- Horizontal angulation must project non-overlapped contacts

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18
Q

Are vertical bitewings useful for caries diagnosis?

A

Not as useful because
a. technique problems from bending of the film
b. Difficulty placing film to open contacts

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19
Q

What are factors that affect caries presentation in x-rays?

(9)

A
  1. Angle of the x-ray beam
  2. Placement of the image receptor
  3. Location of the proximal carious lesion
  4. Degree of hypomineralization
  5. Exposure factors; low kV vs high kV;
  6. Degree of cavitation
  7. Ambient light intensity
  8. Monitor contrast resolution calibration
  9. Selection of postprocessing algorithms on digital images
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20
Q

What are factors that affect the perception of the digital display of caries?

A
  • monitor resolution
  • monitor luminescence
  • background lighting affect
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21
Q

Standard commercial grade desktop monitors have been shown to be _______ for diagnostic medical radiology

A

inferior

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22
Q

What are the abbreviatons for different types of caries?

A

IC=Initial caries
MC=Moderate caries
AC=Advanced caries
RSC=Root surface caries
RC=Recurrent caries
B/Li = B or Li caries

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23
Q

What are the characteristics of initial caries?

A
  • in enamel layer
  • ranges from a demineralization defect at the proximal surface and can extend axially to contact the DEJ
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24
Q

What type of caries

A

initial caries

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25
Q

What are the characteristics of moderate caries?

A
  • spreading vertically at the DEJ
    and/or
  • extending axially less than halfway in dentin layer
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26
Q

What type of caries

A

moderate caries

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27
Q

What type of caries

A

moderate caries

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28
Q

What type of caries

A

inital caries

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29
Q

What are the characteristics of advanced caries?

A
  • more than halfway into the dentin layer and an extend axially to contact the pulp
30
Q

What type of caries

A

advanced caries

31
Q

What type of caries

A

advanced caries

32
Q

What type of caries

A

moderate caries

33
Q

What type of caries

A

inital caries

34
Q

What type of caries

A

advanced caries

35
Q

What are the characteristics of root surface caries?

A
  • Saucerized or scooped-out appearance
  • 50% prevalence in geriatric population
  • Most common in B premolar regions, then, followed by Li & interproximal areas
36
Q
A

root surface caries

37
Q
A

recurrent caries

38
Q
A

Buccal or lingual caries

39
Q

What are the characteristics of buccal/lingual caries?

A
  • Difficult to localize on a single view
  • May superimpose pulp
40
Q

What are the international caries detection and assessment system classification?

A
  • E1
  • E2
  • D1
  • D2
  • D3
41
Q

What is E1 caries?

A

Lesion within outer ½ of enamel

42
Q

What is E2 caries?

A

Lesion within inner ½ of enamel

43
Q

What is D1 caries?

A

Lesion within outer 1/3 of dentin

44
Q

What is D2 caries?

A

Lesion within middle 1/3 of dentin

45
Q

What is D3 caries?

A

Lesion within inner 1/3 of dentin

46
Q

What International Caries Detection and Assessment System rank is this?

A

E1

47
Q

What International Caries Detection and Assessment System rank is this?

A

E2

48
Q

What International Caries Detection and Assessment System rank is this?

A

D1

49
Q

What International Caries Detection and Assessment System rank is this?

A

D2

50
Q

What International Caries Detection and Assessment System rank is this?

A

D3

51
Q

What is the definition for E1 interproximal caries?

A

Penetrates < ½ the enamel thickness as a radiolucent notch on the outer surface of the tooth

52
Q

What International Caries Detection and Assessment System rank is this?

A

E1

53
Q

What is the definition of E2 interproximal caries?

A
  • Penetrates > ½ the enamel thickness
  • May have an isosceles triangular outline with the base at the proximal surface
  • Does NOT extend to DEJ
54
Q

What International Caries Detection and Assessment System rank is this?

A

E2

55
Q

What is the definition of D1 interproximal caries?

A
  • Undermines enamel and extends into dentin
  • at or axial to the DEJ
  • Penetrates < 1/3 the outer peripheral dentin thickness
56
Q

What International Caries Detection and Assessment System rank is this?

A

D1

57
Q

What International Caries Detection and Assessment System rank is this?

A

D1

58
Q

What is the definition of D1 interproximal caries?

A
  • The dentin lesion is a more extensive dentin lesion
  • Penetrates to mid 1/3 of the dentin thickness
59
Q

What International Caries Detection and Assessment System rank is this?

A

D2

60
Q

What International Caries Detection and Assessment System rank is this?

A

D2

61
Q

What is the definition of D3 interproximal caries?

A
  • The dentin lesion is more extensive than the enamel lesion
  • Penetrates > 2/3 (or inner 1/3) of the dentin thickness
62
Q

What International Caries Detection and Assessment System rank is this?

A

D3

63
Q

What International Caries Detection and Assessment System rank is this?

A

D3

64
Q

What is interproximal “burn out”?

A
  • The dentin artifact simulates caries
  • Lesion is outlined by normal anatomic structures and is a relative radiolucency
65
Q
A

burn out

66
Q
A

burn out

67
Q
A

burn out

68
Q

What is the internet definiton of burn out because I couldn’t understand it?

A

Cervical burnout is caused by overpenetration of the x-ray in thinner areas of the tooth

69
Q

Why are incipient occlusal caries difficult to detect with radiographs?

A
  • small width of the lesion
  • density of superimposing enamel
70
Q

What do moderate occlusal caries look like?

A
  • Broad-based thin radiolucent zone in dentin with no changes in enamel
  • Noticed as a relative increase in opacity between pulp and caries
71
Q

What type of caries/location is this?

A

Moderate Occlusal Caries

72
Q

What are severe occlusal caries?

A

Undermined enamel with gross loss of tooth structure