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Radiology > Occlusal and Skull Radiography > Flashcards

Occlusal and Skull Radiography Flashcards

1
Q

What are the film/PSPP sizes?

A

0: Pediatric
1: Anterior PA, Pediatric
2: Standard
3: Special BW (no longer in common use)
4: Occlusal

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2
Q

What are the advantages of occlusal radiographs?

A
  • Larger size receptors allow larger segments of the jaw to be examined.
  • For use when patients are unable to open mouth wide enough for peri-apicals due to pain, trismus, etc
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3
Q

What are the clinical indications for occusal radiography?

A
  1. Roots, impactions, supernumeraries
  2. Foreign bodies
  3. Localization of stones in ducts
  4. Alteration to cortical bone
  5. Sinus and nasal integrity
  6. Fractures
  7. Extent of pathoses
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4
Q

What are the three different types of maxillary occlusal radiography?

A
  1. Standard Cross-Sectional
  2. Lateral (right/left) Cross-sectional
  3. Anterior Topographical
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5
Q

What are the three different types of mandibular occlusal radiography?

A
  1. Standard Cross-Sectional
  2. Lateral (right/left) Cross-Sectional
  3. Anterior Topographical
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6
Q

What is the vertical angle of the standard cross-sectional maxillary occlusal radiograph?

A

(+) 65 to 70 degrees
(pointed downward)

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7
Q

Where is the central ray (CR) placed for the standard cross-sectional maxillary occlusal radiograph?

A

bridge of nose and center of PSP Plate

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8
Q

What is the vertical angle of the lateral cross-sectional maxillary occlusal radiograph?

A

(+)55-60 degrees
(pointed downward)

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9
Q

Where is the central ray (CR) placed for the lateral cross-sectional maxillary occlusal radiograph?

A

posterior maxilla

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10
Q

What is the vertical angle of the anterior topographical maxillary occlusal radiograph?

A

(+) 55 to 60 degrees
(pointed downward)

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11
Q

Where is the central ray (CR) placed for the anterior topographical maxillary occlusal radiograph?

A

¼ to ½ inches above tip of nose

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12
Q

What type of radiograph is this?

A

standard cross-sectional maxillary occlusal radiograph

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13
Q

What type of radiograph is this?

A

lateral cross-sectional maxillary occlusal radiograph

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14
Q

What type of radiograph is this?

A

anterior topographical maxillary occlusal radiograph

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15
Q

What is the vertical angle of the standard cross-sectional mandibular occlusal radiograph?

A

perpendicular to PSP

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16
Q

Where is the central ray (CR) placed for the standard cross-sectional mandibular occlusal radiograph?

A

between mandibular first molars; along mid-sagittal plane; move beam away about 2 inches or 5cm

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17
Q

What type of film must you use for occlusal radiographs?

A

you must use PSP or film for occlusal radiographs because no company makes solid state occlusal sensors because they wouldn’t make enough money (not enough demand)

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18
Q

What type of radiograph is this?

A

standard cross-sectional mandibular occlusal radiograph

19
Q

What is the vertical angle of the lateral cross-sectional mandibular occlusal radiograph?

A

perpendicular to PSP Plate following long axis of first molar

20
Q

Where is the central ray (CR) placed for the lateral cross-sectional mandibular occlusal radiograph?

A

center of PSP Plate @ apex of first molar

21
Q

What type of radiograph is this?

A

lateral cross-sectioanl mandibular occlusal radiograph

22
Q

What is the vertical angle of the anterior topographical mandibular occlusal radiograph?

A

(-)55 to 60 degrees (pointed upward); Bisecting angle between PSP Plate and long axis of incisor teeth

23
Q

Where is the central ray (CR) placed for the anterior topographical mandibular occlusal radiograph?

A

below apices of incisors, 1 cm above tip of chin, along midline of chin, direct at center of PSP Plate

24
Q

What type of radiograph is this?

A

anterior topographical mandibular occlusal radiograph

25
Q

The occlusal radiograph exposure settings need to be turned up ____ exposure settings higher than posterior maxillary periapcial exposures

A

1 or 2

26
Q

What film do you use for pediatric occlusal radiography?

A

number 2 intraoral plate

27
Q

What is included in skull radiography?

A

● orthodontic evaluations
● orthognathic evaluations
● pathology beyond coverage of standard dental images

28
Q

What are the different types of skull projections?

A

–Lateral cephalogram/cephalometric
–PA cephalogram/cephalometric
–Waters’ PA
–Reverse-Towne (PA)
–SMV

29
Q

What are image enhancers?

A
  • Grids
    – standard
    – focused
    – grid ratios
  • Air Gaps
30
Q

What do the grids with PSPP do?

A

Reduce amount of scatter radiation exposing film and improves image contrast

31
Q

Increasing the tube-object distance does what?

A

photons will be less divergent and more parallel before interacting with tooth
- decreases magnification
- maximize sharpness

32
Q

What are the characteristics of a lateral skull projection within cephalostat?

A
  • Beam is 90 degrees to mid-sagittal skull plane and sensor
  • Mid-sagittal skull plane and sensor are parallel
  • Frankfort Plan parallel to Horizontal (ground)
33
Q

What radiograph is this?

A

lateral cephalogram

34
Q

What should you be able to identify on a lateral cephalogram?

A

● Maxillary Sinus
● Frontal Sinus
● Sphenoid Sinus

35
Q

What radiograph is this?

A

lateral cephalometric radiograph
- shows soft tissue

36
Q

What are the characteristics of cephalometric radiography?

A
  1. Used for taking measurements and evaluating the effect of growth or disease on a skeletal profile
  2. Positioning is “standardized” for retrospective or predictive evaluation of skeletal changes
  3. Standardized 60” focal distance used to
    - standardize magnification and,
    - improve resolution
  4. Soft tissue profiles often specified for lateral skull evaluations
  5. Soft tissue filters are applied either at the source or at the film
37
Q

How can you add a soft tissue filter?

A
  • at source
  • at receptor
    – over grid
    – over intensifying screen
38
Q

What is the lateral cephalometric image used for?

A

used for orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment

39
Q

What are the characteristics of the PA skull?

A
  • Beam is 90 degree to sensor and parallel to mid-sagittal skull plane
  • Coronal (Frontal) skull plane is 90 degrees to sensor
40
Q

What radiograph is this?

A

PA Skull

41
Q

What are the characteristics of the waters’ (occipitomental) skull radiograph?

A
  • Beam is 90 degrees to sensor and parallel to mid-sagittal skull plane
  • Mid-sagittal skull plane is 90 degrees to sensor, but chin is raised to touch sensor
42
Q

What radiograph is this?

A

waters’ (occipitomental) skull radiograph

43
Q

What are the characteristics of the submentovertex (basilar) skull radiograph?

A
  • Beam is 90 degrees to sensor and axial skull plane
  • Mid-sagittal skull plane is 90 degrees to sensor, but vertex is adjacent sensor
44
Q

What radiograph is this?

A

submentovertex (basilar) skull radiograph

Radiology (39 decks)

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