Radiation Protection Chapter 2 Flashcards
The ability to do work that is to move an object against resistance
Energy
The kinetic energy that passes from one location to another and can have many manifestations
Radiation
Can travel through the air or other materials to interact with structures in the human ear and produce sensation we call sound
mechanical vibrations
Mechanical vibration of a material in which the rate of vibration does not stimulate the human ear sensors and therefore is beyond the range of human hearing
ultrasound
Physical distance between successive maximum values of electric and magnetic field
wavelength
Form of radiation that can travel through space in the form of a wave but can interact with matter as a particle of energy
Wave Particle Duality
The full range of frequencies and wavelengths of electromagnetic waves
electromagnetic spectrum
When electromagnetic radiation is of high enough frequency can transfer sufficient energy to some orbital electrons to remove them from the atoms to which they were attached
ionization
Emitted from nuclei of very heavy elements such as uranium and plutonium during the process of radioactive decay. 2 protons, 2 neutrons, large mass, positive charge.
Alpha Particles
Identical to high speed electrons except for their origin. High penetrating power
Beta Particles
EqD-Radiation quantity used for radiation protection purposes when a person receives exposure from various types of ionizing radiation
Equivalent dose
EfD-manufactured quantity that takes into account the dose for all types of ionizing radiation to various irradiated organs or tissues in the human body
Effective Dose
Radiation damage to generations yet born
genetic damage
From radioactive materials in the crusts of the earth
Terrestrial radiation
From the sun (solar) and beyond solar system
Cosmic radiation
From radioactive atoms (radionuclides) that make up a small percentage of the body’s tissue
Internal radiation
The amount of energy transferred to electrons by ionizing radiation is the bases of the concept of radiation dose
Radiation dose
Know which radiations are considered ionizing?
x-rays, gamma rays, high energy ultraviolet radiation
Know which radiations are considered nonionizing
low energy ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared rays, microwaves, radiowaves
Know the foundation of interactions of x-rays and humans?
ionization
Know what makes up particulate radiation?
Alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons, protons
Know the difference between electrons and beta particles
Beta particles are identical to high speed electrons except for their origin. Electrons originated in atomic shells outside the nucleus and beta particles are emitted from within the nuclei of radioactive atoms
Know what EqD attempts to do:
To specify numerically the differences in transferred energy and therefore potential biologic harm produced by different types of radiation
Know what the occupational and non-occupational dose limits are expressed in?
EfD–effective dose
Know what cellular damage is?
Abnormal cell function or even entire loss of cell function
Know what 2 categories ionizing radiation can be considered
- natural
* manmade
Be able to give examples of manmade/artificial radiation?
medical x-rays, nuclear medicine, consumer products
Know when and where the Three Mile Island accident occurred?
March 28, 1979
15 miles southeast of Harrisburg Pennsylvania
Know when and where the Chernobyl accident occurred?
April 26 1986
Chernobyl, Ukraine
Know when and where Fukushima accident occurred?
March 11, 2011
Coast of Japan
Know the percentage of total collective EfD that medical radiation makes up on the population?
48%
Know the ways the amount of radiation received by the patient can be expressed in?
- ESE Entrance Skin Exposure
- Bone Marrow Dose
- Gonadal Dose
