Radiation Protection Chapter 2

Question 1

The ability to do work that is to move an object against resistance

Answer 1

Energy

Question 2

The kinetic energy that passes from one location to another and can have many manifestations

Answer 2

Radiation

Question 3

Can travel through the air or other materials to interact with structures in the human ear and produce sensation we call sound

Answer 3

mechanical vibrations

Question 4

Mechanical vibration of a material in which the rate of vibration does not stimulate the human ear sensors and therefore is beyond the range of human hearing

Answer 4

ultrasound

Question 5

Physical distance between successive maximum values of electric and magnetic field

Answer 5

wavelength

Question 6

Form of radiation that can travel through space in the form of a wave but can interact with matter as a particle of energy

Answer 6

Wave Particle Duality

Question 7

The full range of frequencies and wavelengths of electromagnetic waves

Answer 7

electromagnetic spectrum

Question 8

When electromagnetic radiation is of high enough frequency can transfer sufficient energy to some orbital electrons to remove them from the atoms to which they were attached

Answer 8

ionization

Question 9

Emitted from nuclei of very heavy elements such as uranium and plutonium during the process of radioactive decay. 2 protons, 2 neutrons, large mass, positive charge.

Answer 9

Alpha Particles

Question 10

Identical to high speed electrons except for their origin. High penetrating power

Answer 10

Beta Particles

Question 11

EqD-Radiation quantity used for radiation protection purposes when a person receives exposure from various types of ionizing radiation

Answer 11

Equivalent dose

Question 12

EfD-manufactured quantity that takes into account the dose for all types of ionizing radiation to various irradiated organs or tissues in the human body

Answer 12

Effective Dose

Question 13

Radiation damage to generations yet born

Answer 13

genetic damage

Question 14

From radioactive materials in the crusts of the earth

Answer 14

Terrestrial radiation

Question 15

From the sun (solar) and beyond solar system

Answer 15

Cosmic radiation

Question 16

From radioactive atoms (radionuclides) that make up a small percentage of the body’s tissue

Answer 16

Internal radiation

Question 17

The amount of energy transferred to electrons by ionizing radiation is the bases of the concept of radiation dose

Answer 17

Radiation dose

Question 18

Know which radiations are considered ionizing?

Answer 18

x-rays, gamma rays, high energy ultraviolet radiation

Question 19

Know which radiations are considered nonionizing

Answer 19

low energy ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared rays, microwaves, radiowaves

Question 20

Know the foundation of interactions of x-rays and humans?

Answer 20

ionization

Question 21

Know what makes up particulate radiation?

Answer 21

Alpha particles, beta particles, neutrons, protons

Question 22

Know the difference between electrons and beta particles

Answer 22

Beta particles are identical to high speed electrons except for their origin. Electrons originated in atomic shells outside the nucleus and beta particles are emitted from within the nuclei of radioactive atoms

Question 23

Know what EqD attempts to do:

Answer 23

To specify numerically the differences in transferred energy and therefore potential biologic harm produced by different types of radiation

Question 24

Know what the occupational and non-occupational dose limits are expressed in?

Answer 24

EfD–effective dose

Question 25

Know what cellular damage is?

Answer 25

Abnormal cell function or even entire loss of cell function

Question 26

Know what 2 categories ionizing radiation can be considered

Answer 26

• natural

* manmade

Question 27

Be able to give examples of manmade/artificial radiation?

Answer 27

medical x-rays, nuclear medicine, consumer products

Question 28

Know when and where the Three Mile Island accident occurred?

Answer 28

March 28, 1979

15 miles southeast of Harrisburg Pennsylvania

Question 29

Know when and where the Chernobyl accident occurred?

Answer 29

April 26 1986

Chernobyl, Ukraine

Question 30

Know when and where Fukushima accident occurred?

Answer 30

March 11, 2011

Coast of Japan

Question 31

Know the percentage of total collective EfD that medical radiation makes up on the population?

Answer 31

48%

Question 32

Know the ways the amount of radiation received by the patient can be expressed in?

Answer 32

• ESE Entrance Skin Exposure
• Bone Marrow Dose
• Gonadal Dose