Radiation Protection CH 8 Flashcards
Effects that appear within minutes, hours, days, or weeks of the time of radiation exposure
early effects
When living organisms experience biologic damage from exposure to radiation
somatic effects
When radiation effects are cell-killing and directly related to the dose received
Deterministic (nonstochastic) somatic effects
Radiation effects that are mutational or randomly occurring biologic somatic changes independent of dose
stochastic somatic effects
Depends on time of exposure; effects that appear within minutes, hours, days, or weeks of the time of radiation exposure
early nonstochastic somatic effects
Nausea, fatigue, erythema (redness of skin), epilation (hair loss), blood disorders, intestinal disorders, fever, dry and moist desquamation (skin shedding), depressed sperm count, temporary or permanent sterility in males and female, and injury to CNS
high dose effects
Radiation sickness– occurs in humans after whole-body reception of large doses of ionizing radiation delivered over a short period of time
acute radiation syndrome
collection of symptoms
syndrome
signifies the whole body dose if radiation that can be lethal to 50% of the exposed population within 30 days
LD 50/30
shrinkage of organs and tissues
atrophy
Shedding of the outer layer skin, occurs at high radiation dose
desquamation
hair loss aka alopecia
epilation
a decrease in the number of red blood cells in circulating blood
anemia
the study of cell genetic with emphasis on cell chromosomes
cytogenetic
When does Prodromal Period or stage occurs?
within hours after a whole-body absorbed dose of 1 gy (100 rad) or more
What are the characteristics of the prodromal period or stage?
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, and leukemia
What’s the length of time of the prodromal period or stage?
hours to a few days
How long does the latent period occur?
about 1 week
What symptoms occur in the latent period?
no symptoms
IN the latent period what two things could occur?
recovery or lethal effect will begin during this period
Why is manifest illness period so called?
its the period when signs and symptoms that effect the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular systems become visible
What’s another name for hematopoietic syndrome?
bone marrow syndrome
In hematopoietic syndrome what radiation to this system causes?
the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets in the circulating blood to decrease
Recovery time for non lethal doses of the hematopoietic syndrome?
3 weeks - 6 months
What threshold dose does gastrointestinal syndrome will appear at?
6 gy (600rad) and peaks after dose of 10 Gy (1000 rad)
With gastrointerstinal syndrome how long will a person live without medical treatment?
3-10 days
How much longer will they live with medical treatment?
a few more days
Why does death primarily occur with the gastrointestinal syndrome?
catastrophic damage to the epithelial cells that line the GI tract
When does Cerebrovascular syndrome result?
when CNS and cardiovascular system receives doses of 50 Gy (5000 rad) or more of ionizing radiation
When does death occur with cerebrovascular syndrome?
a few hours to 2-3 days after exposure
Signs and symptoms of cerebrovascular syndrome?
excessive nervousness, confusion, severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of vision, burning sensation of skin, and loss of consciousness
4 factors that influence somatic and genetic damage
- quantity of ionizing radiation to which subjects expose
- ability of ionizing radiation to cause ionization of tissue
- the amount of body are exposed
- the specific body parts exposed
When ionizing radiation produce the greatest amount of biologic damage in human body?
large dose of densely ionizing (high LET) radiation is delivered to a large or radiosensitive area of the body
Know the relationship between an increase in radiation and early deterministic somatic effects
As the radiation dose increases, the severity of early deterministic somatic effects also increases
Know what the amount of biologic damage depends on
actual absorbed dose
What is the approximate recovery time when a person receives a sublethal whole body dose of 2 to 3 gy?
approximately 3 months
What are the 3 forms od ARS
- hematopoietic syndrome
- gastrointestinal syndrome
- cerebrovascular syndrome
What a more relevant indicator outcome for human survival would be rather than a 30 day
50/60
When does repair and recovery of cells occur (due to their own inherent repair mechanism in biochemistry)
when cells are exposed to sublethal doses of ionizing radiation
What determines the organs potential for recovery
amount of damage sustained
When does cell death result?
after substantial partial-body exposures
what the 3 things are that organ and tissue response to radiation exposure depends on?
- radiosensitivity
- reproductive characteristics
- growth rate
What dose is capable of depressing the male sperm population (and cause genetic mutations) and can delay menstruation in females
doses as low as 0.1 Gy (10 rad)
What makes up the hematopietic system?
bone marrow, circulating blood, and lymphatic organs (nodes, spleen, and thymus)
Know what chromosome aberrations are
deviation from normal development or growth
Know what type of chromosome aberrations radiation can cause
every type
