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Radiography Fall 2015(2nd Year) > Radiation Protection CH 8 > Flashcards

Radiation Protection CH 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Effects that appear within minutes, hours, days, or weeks of the time of radiation exposure

A

early effects

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2
Q

When living organisms experience biologic damage from exposure to radiation

A

somatic effects

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3
Q

When radiation effects are cell-killing and directly related to the dose received

A

Deterministic (nonstochastic) somatic effects

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4
Q

Radiation effects that are mutational or randomly occurring biologic somatic changes independent of dose

A

stochastic somatic effects

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5
Q

Depends on time of exposure; effects that appear within minutes, hours, days, or weeks of the time of radiation exposure

A

early nonstochastic somatic effects

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6
Q

Nausea, fatigue, erythema (redness of skin), epilation (hair loss), blood disorders, intestinal disorders, fever, dry and moist desquamation (skin shedding), depressed sperm count, temporary or permanent sterility in males and female, and injury to CNS

A

high dose effects

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7
Q

Radiation sickness– occurs in humans after whole-body reception of large doses of ionizing radiation delivered over a short period of time

A

acute radiation syndrome

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8
Q

collection of symptoms

A

syndrome

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9
Q

signifies the whole body dose if radiation that can be lethal to 50% of the exposed population within 30 days

A

LD 50/30

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10
Q

shrinkage of organs and tissues

A

atrophy

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11
Q

Shedding of the outer layer skin, occurs at high radiation dose

A

desquamation

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12
Q

hair loss aka alopecia

A

epilation

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13
Q

a decrease in the number of red blood cells in circulating blood

A

anemia

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14
Q

the study of cell genetic with emphasis on cell chromosomes

A

cytogenetic

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15
Q

When does Prodromal Period or stage occurs?

A

within hours after a whole-body absorbed dose of 1 gy (100 rad) or more

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of the prodromal period or stage?

A

nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, and leukemia

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17
Q

What’s the length of time of the prodromal period or stage?

A

hours to a few days

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18
Q

How long does the latent period occur?

A

about 1 week

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19
Q

What symptoms occur in the latent period?

A

no symptoms

20
Q

IN the latent period what two things could occur?

A

recovery or lethal effect will begin during this period

21
Q

Why is manifest illness period so called?

A

its the period when signs and symptoms that effect the hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular systems become visible

22
Q

What’s another name for hematopoietic syndrome?

A

bone marrow syndrome

23
Q

In hematopoietic syndrome what radiation to this system causes?

A

the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets in the circulating blood to decrease

24
Q

Recovery time for non lethal doses of the hematopoietic syndrome?

A

3 weeks - 6 months

25
Q

What threshold dose does gastrointestinal syndrome will appear at?

A

6 gy (600rad) and peaks after dose of 10 Gy (1000 rad)

26
Q

With gastrointerstinal syndrome how long will a person live without medical treatment?

A

3-10 days

27
Q

How much longer will they live with medical treatment?

A

a few more days

28
Q

Why does death primarily occur with the gastrointestinal syndrome?

A

catastrophic damage to the epithelial cells that line the GI tract

29
Q

When does Cerebrovascular syndrome result?

A

when CNS and cardiovascular system receives doses of 50 Gy (5000 rad) or more of ionizing radiation

30
Q

When does death occur with cerebrovascular syndrome?

A

a few hours to 2-3 days after exposure

31
Q

Signs and symptoms of cerebrovascular syndrome?

A

excessive nervousness, confusion, severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of vision, burning sensation of skin, and loss of consciousness

32
Q

4 factors that influence somatic and genetic damage

A
  • quantity of ionizing radiation to which subjects expose
  • ability of ionizing radiation to cause ionization of tissue
  • the amount of body are exposed
  • the specific body parts exposed
33
Q

When ionizing radiation produce the greatest amount of biologic damage in human body?

A

large dose of densely ionizing (high LET) radiation is delivered to a large or radiosensitive area of the body

34
Q

Know the relationship between an increase in radiation and early deterministic somatic effects

A

As the radiation dose increases, the severity of early deterministic somatic effects also increases

35
Q

Know what the amount of biologic damage depends on

A

actual absorbed dose

36
Q

What is the approximate recovery time when a person receives a sublethal whole body dose of 2 to 3 gy?

A

approximately 3 months

37
Q

What are the 3 forms od ARS

A
  • hematopoietic syndrome
  • gastrointestinal syndrome
  • cerebrovascular syndrome
38
Q

What a more relevant indicator outcome for human survival would be rather than a 30 day

A

50/60

39
Q

When does repair and recovery of cells occur (due to their own inherent repair mechanism in biochemistry)

A

when cells are exposed to sublethal doses of ionizing radiation

40
Q

What determines the organs potential for recovery

A

amount of damage sustained

41
Q

When does cell death result?

A

after substantial partial-body exposures

42
Q

what the 3 things are that organ and tissue response to radiation exposure depends on?

A
  • radiosensitivity
  • reproductive characteristics
  • growth rate
43
Q

What dose is capable of depressing the male sperm population (and cause genetic mutations) and can delay menstruation in females

A

doses as low as 0.1 Gy (10 rad)

44
Q

What makes up the hematopietic system?

A

bone marrow, circulating blood, and lymphatic organs (nodes, spleen, and thymus)

45
Q

Know what chromosome aberrations are

A

deviation from normal development or growth

46
Q

Know what type of chromosome aberrations radiation can cause

A

every type

Radiography Fall 2015(2nd Year) (20 decks)

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