Pathology of the Skeletal System Flashcards
How many bones make up the body?
206
How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?
126
How many bones are in the axial skeleton?
80
Where bone marrow is located?
medullary canal
What are weblike bony structure visible on properly exposed radiographs?
trabeculae
What are bone forming cells responsible for growth and thickening, ossification and regeneration
Osteoblasts
What are specialized cells that break down bone to enlarge medullary canal and allow for bone growth?
Osteoclasts
What are bone classifications made by?
Due to their shape
What are the bone classifications?
long, short, flat, irregular
What is the shaft or primary ossification center known as?
Diaphysis
What is the expanded end portion, secondary ossification site (growth plate)
Epiphysis
What is the growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis?
metaphysis
When is proper technique achieved?
When soft tissue and bony structures are visible and trabecular pattern is visible
What is OI’s common name?
Brittle Bone Disease
What is present at birth, multiple fractures that heal and give way to new fractures that results in deformities/dwarfism/ and sometimes even death?
Osteogenesis Imperfeta – OI imperfeta
When fractures may not appear for some years after birth and generally stop at adulthood?
Osteogenesis Tarda
What is OI radiographic appearance?
Multiple fractures in various healing stages, decreased bone mass, trabeculae are thin and widely spread out
What disorder has the physical characteristics of: 4'4 in males, 4'1 in females bowed legs bulky forehead extreme lumbar lordosis narrowed foramen magnum
Achondroplasia
Disorder where bones are abnormally heavy but very brittle?
osteopetrosis
What is the common name of osteopetrosis?
Marble Bone Disease
Patients with Osteopetrosis/Marble bone disease have what????
Increased bone density
When a patient has osteopetrosis/marble bone disease what do you do with your technique?
Increase it
Disorder where the fingers and toes fail to separate? Weblike
Syndactyly
WHat is it known when someone has an extra digit?
polydactyly
What is it called when someones foot is turned inward at ankle?
club foot/tulipes
A disorder that results in the malformation of the acetabulum? More commonly occurring in females
congenital hip dislocation
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is known as?
Scoliosis
In scoliosis patients what way does their back curve normally?
Right in thoracic, left in lumbar
When performing x-rays on scoliosis patients as well as other patients what is the importance of radiation protection?
Protecting the breast tissue of the adolescent
Incomplete closure of lamina?
Spina bifida
Spina Bifida is common to which area?
Lumbosacral
Premature closure of the cranial sutures is known as?
Craniosynostoses
Disorder where the brain and cranial vault do not form?
Anencephaly
What is the diagnostic modality of choice in diagnosing Anencephaly?
ultrasound
What is an infection of the bone and bone marrow?
Osteomyelitis
Who does osteomyelitis commonly affect?
infants and children
What is the modality of choice in diagnosing osteomyelitis?
nuclear medicine
What is a chronic inflammatory disease of the bone?
Tuberculosis
Common areas Tuberculosis affects?
hip, knee, and spine
Tuberculosis of the spine is known as?
Pott’s Disease
What’s the radiographic appearance of Tuberculosis?
Worm eaten appearance
Joint inflammation caused by chronic autoimmune disease that varies in severity. Characterized by chronic inflammation and overgrowth of synovial tissues
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
What age does Rheumatoid Arthritis usually occur at?
30-40
Rheumatoid arthritis commonly affects?
bones of the hand, feet, and knees
What is the life expectancy of those who suffer from Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Reduced by 3-7 years due to long term aspirin use
A form of Rheumatoid Arthritis occurring in mostly in young males associated with bacterial infections of GI system and genitalia associated with STD such as chlamydia
Reiter’s Syndrome
A progressive form of arthritis that mainly affects spine and SI joints?
Ankylosis Spondylitis
Common name of Ankylosis Spondylitis?
Bamboo Spine
What is the radiographic appearance of Ankylosis Spondylitis/Bamboo Spine?
- Early demonstrate bilateral narrowing and fuzziness of SI joints
- later shows classifications of the bone of the spine which eventually becomes a rigid block of bone
What is the most common type of arthritis?
Osteoarthritis
What is the common name of Osteoarthritis?
DJD- Degenerative Joint Disease
Osteoarthritis mainly affects what joint?
weight bearing joints – hip, knee, ankle
Disorder that affects men and women equally asymptomatic until around 50–causes pain and stiffness in affected joints
Osteoarthritis
What is the radiographic appearance of osteoarthritis?
Images showing the narrowing of joint space
What is the radiographic appearance of decreased bone density?
osteopenia
What is the actual condition of decreased bone density?
osteoporosis
What is caused by lack of calcium and failure of bone tissue to calcify?
Osteomalacia
When bones are spongelike from inadequate intake or absorption of calcium and vitamin D?
Osteomalacia
What is osteomalacia that occurs before growth plates close?
Ricket’s Disease
When bone under goes destructive and is replaced by abnormally soft and poorly mineralized material that is thicker than bone?
Paget’s Disease
Paget’s disease is commonly found in which areas?
Pelvis, spine, skull, and in long bones
What is the Radiographic appearance of Paget’s disease?
cotton or wool appearance
What is the cure for Paget’s disease?
None
What’s an endocrine disorder that affects the skeletal system?
Acromegaly (gigantism)
What causes Acromegaly(gigantism)?
Excessive secretion of growth hormones
A soft tissue neck injury?
whiplash
The most common finding in those suffering from whiplash?
loss of lordosis
Cleft pr breaking of the vertebral body between superior and inferior articular process ;pars interarticularis
Spondylolysis
What is the radiographic appearance of broken neck of the scotty dog?
pars defect
The pars defect is demonstrated on what image?
Oblique lumbar
When the body of vertebrae are slipped forward?
Spondyloithisis
Spondyloithisis most commonly affects what area?
L5-S1
Spondyloithisis is demonstrated on what image?
Lateral
What is the most common vertebral column condition?
Generalized back pain
Modality of choice to identify generalized back pain?
Radiography
How does Osteochondroma attach to bone?
By a bony stalk
What is the most common area for osteoma occur?
skull
Neoplasms that occur at younger age than any other primary malignancy; commonly occurring between ages 5-15, and rarely over 30; Most common in boys; most commonly in whites; common to pelvis and extremities; fairly rare by extremely malignant
Ewings Tumor
What is the radiographic appearance of Ewing’s tumor?
onion skin
What role does CT play n the diagnosing process?
Plays a key role in primary diagnosis and continued evaluation of neoplasms of skeletal system due to its ability to produce images excellent soft tissue and contrast resolution
What can metastases?
ANy cancer can metastasize
Most common malignant tumor of the skeleton?
Metastatic disease
Most common metastatic site?
Spine– 40%
What are other common metastatic site?
ribs, sternum, pelvis, skull, and upper ends of both femurs and humerus
What is the most common primary site for metastatic cancer?
Breast, lung, prostate, kidney, thyroid, bowel
