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Radiography Fall 2015(2nd Year) > Pathology of the Skeletal System > Flashcards

Pathology of the Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones make up the body?

A

206

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2
Q

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

A

126

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3
Q

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

A

80

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4
Q

Where bone marrow is located?

A

medullary canal

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5
Q

What are weblike bony structure visible on properly exposed radiographs?

A

trabeculae

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6
Q

What are bone forming cells responsible for growth and thickening, ossification and regeneration

A

Osteoblasts

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7
Q

What are specialized cells that break down bone to enlarge medullary canal and allow for bone growth?

A

Osteoclasts

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8
Q

What are bone classifications made by?

A

Due to their shape

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9
Q

What are the bone classifications?

A

long, short, flat, irregular

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10
Q

What is the shaft or primary ossification center known as?

A

Diaphysis

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11
Q

What is the expanded end portion, secondary ossification site (growth plate)

A

Epiphysis

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12
Q

What is the growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis?

A

metaphysis

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13
Q

When is proper technique achieved?

A

When soft tissue and bony structures are visible and trabecular pattern is visible

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14
Q

What is OI’s common name?

A

Brittle Bone Disease

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15
Q

What is present at birth, multiple fractures that heal and give way to new fractures that results in deformities/dwarfism/ and sometimes even death?

A

Osteogenesis Imperfeta – OI imperfeta

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16
Q

When fractures may not appear for some years after birth and generally stop at adulthood?

A

Osteogenesis Tarda

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17
Q

What is OI radiographic appearance?

A

Multiple fractures in various healing stages, decreased bone mass, trabeculae are thin and widely spread out

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18
Q 
What disorder has the physical characteristics of:
4'4 in males, 4'1 in females
bowed legs
bulky forehead
extreme lumbar lordosis
narrowed foramen magnum
A

Achondroplasia

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19
Q

Disorder where bones are abnormally heavy but very brittle?

A

osteopetrosis

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20
Q

What is the common name of osteopetrosis?

A

Marble Bone Disease

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21
Q

Patients with Osteopetrosis/Marble bone disease have what????

A

Increased bone density

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22
Q

When a patient has osteopetrosis/marble bone disease what do you do with your technique?

A

Increase it

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23
Q

Disorder where the fingers and toes fail to separate? Weblike

A

Syndactyly

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24
Q

WHat is it known when someone has an extra digit?

A

polydactyly

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25
Q

What is it called when someones foot is turned inward at ankle?

A

club foot/tulipes

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26
Q

A disorder that results in the malformation of the acetabulum? More commonly occurring in females

A

congenital hip dislocation

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27
Q

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is known as?

A

Scoliosis

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28
Q

In scoliosis patients what way does their back curve normally?

A

Right in thoracic, left in lumbar

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29
Q

When performing x-rays on scoliosis patients as well as other patients what is the importance of radiation protection?

A

Protecting the breast tissue of the adolescent

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30
Q

Incomplete closure of lamina?

A

Spina bifida

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31
Q

Spina Bifida is common to which area?

A

Lumbosacral

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32
Q

Premature closure of the cranial sutures is known as?

A

Craniosynostoses

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33
Q

Disorder where the brain and cranial vault do not form?

A

Anencephaly

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34
Q

What is the diagnostic modality of choice in diagnosing Anencephaly?

A

ultrasound

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35
Q

What is an infection of the bone and bone marrow?

A

Osteomyelitis

36
Q

Who does osteomyelitis commonly affect?

A

infants and children

37
Q

What is the modality of choice in diagnosing osteomyelitis?

A

nuclear medicine

38
Q

What is a chronic inflammatory disease of the bone?

A

Tuberculosis

39
Q

Common areas Tuberculosis affects?

A

hip, knee, and spine

40
Q

Tuberculosis of the spine is known as?

A

Pott’s Disease

41
Q

What’s the radiographic appearance of Tuberculosis?

A

Worm eaten appearance

42
Q

Joint inflammation caused by chronic autoimmune disease that varies in severity. Characterized by chronic inflammation and overgrowth of synovial tissues

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

43
Q

What age does Rheumatoid Arthritis usually occur at?

A

30-40

44
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis commonly affects?

A

bones of the hand, feet, and knees

45
Q

What is the life expectancy of those who suffer from Rheumatoid Arthritis?

A

Reduced by 3-7 years due to long term aspirin use

46
Q

A form of Rheumatoid Arthritis occurring in mostly in young males associated with bacterial infections of GI system and genitalia associated with STD such as chlamydia

A

Reiter’s Syndrome

47
Q

A progressive form of arthritis that mainly affects spine and SI joints?

A

Ankylosis Spondylitis

48
Q

Common name of Ankylosis Spondylitis?

A

Bamboo Spine

49
Q

What is the radiographic appearance of Ankylosis Spondylitis/Bamboo Spine?

A
  • Early demonstrate bilateral narrowing and fuzziness of SI joints
  • later shows classifications of the bone of the spine which eventually becomes a rigid block of bone
50
Q

What is the most common type of arthritis?

A

Osteoarthritis

51
Q

What is the common name of Osteoarthritis?

A

DJD- Degenerative Joint Disease

52
Q

Osteoarthritis mainly affects what joint?

A

weight bearing joints – hip, knee, ankle

53
Q

Disorder that affects men and women equally asymptomatic until around 50–causes pain and stiffness in affected joints

A

Osteoarthritis

54
Q

What is the radiographic appearance of osteoarthritis?

A

Images showing the narrowing of joint space

55
Q

What is the radiographic appearance of decreased bone density?

A

osteopenia

56
Q

What is the actual condition of decreased bone density?

A

osteoporosis

57
Q

What is caused by lack of calcium and failure of bone tissue to calcify?

A

Osteomalacia

58
Q

When bones are spongelike from inadequate intake or absorption of calcium and vitamin D?

A

Osteomalacia

59
Q

What is osteomalacia that occurs before growth plates close?

A

Ricket’s Disease

60
Q

When bone under goes destructive and is replaced by abnormally soft and poorly mineralized material that is thicker than bone?

A

Paget’s Disease

61
Q

Paget’s disease is commonly found in which areas?

A

Pelvis, spine, skull, and in long bones

62
Q

What is the Radiographic appearance of Paget’s disease?

A

cotton or wool appearance

63
Q

What is the cure for Paget’s disease?

A

None

64
Q

What’s an endocrine disorder that affects the skeletal system?

A

Acromegaly (gigantism)

65
Q

What causes Acromegaly(gigantism)?

A

Excessive secretion of growth hormones

66
Q

A soft tissue neck injury?

A

whiplash

67
Q

The most common finding in those suffering from whiplash?

A

loss of lordosis

68
Q

Cleft pr breaking of the vertebral body between superior and inferior articular process ;pars interarticularis

A

Spondylolysis

69
Q

What is the radiographic appearance of broken neck of the scotty dog?

A

pars defect

70
Q

The pars defect is demonstrated on what image?

A

Oblique lumbar

71
Q

When the body of vertebrae are slipped forward?

A

Spondyloithisis

72
Q

Spondyloithisis most commonly affects what area?

A

L5-S1

73
Q

Spondyloithisis is demonstrated on what image?

A

Lateral

74
Q

What is the most common vertebral column condition?

A

Generalized back pain

75
Q

Modality of choice to identify generalized back pain?

A

Radiography

76
Q

How does Osteochondroma attach to bone?

A

By a bony stalk

77
Q

What is the most common area for osteoma occur?

A

skull

78
Q

Neoplasms that occur at younger age than any other primary malignancy; commonly occurring between ages 5-15, and rarely over 30; Most common in boys; most commonly in whites; common to pelvis and extremities; fairly rare by extremely malignant

A

Ewings Tumor

79
Q

What is the radiographic appearance of Ewing’s tumor?

A

onion skin

80
Q

What role does CT play n the diagnosing process?

A

Plays a key role in primary diagnosis and continued evaluation of neoplasms of skeletal system due to its ability to produce images excellent soft tissue and contrast resolution

81
Q

What can metastases?

A

ANy cancer can metastasize

82
Q

Most common malignant tumor of the skeleton?

A

Metastatic disease

83
Q

Most common metastatic site?

A

Spine– 40%

84
Q

What are other common metastatic site?

A

ribs, sternum, pelvis, skull, and upper ends of both femurs and humerus

85
Q

What is the most common primary site for metastatic cancer?

A

Breast, lung, prostate, kidney, thyroid, bowel

Radiography Fall 2015(2nd Year) (20 decks)

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