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Radiography Fall 2015(2nd Year) > Pathology Test One > Flashcards

Pathology Test One Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study of disease?

A

Pathology

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2
Q

What is any abnormal disturbance of the function or structure of the body as a result of some type of injury?

A

Disease

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3
Q

What is the patients perception of the disease called?

A

symptom

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4
Q

What is an objective manifestation that can be detected by a physician during an examination?

A

sign

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5
Q

What is a group of signs and symptoms that characterize a specific abnormal disturbance?

A

Syndrome

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6
Q

What is it called when no symptoms are produced?

A

Asymptomatic (Ex. blood pressure, Hepatitus B, and early signs of HIV)

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7
Q

What is the study of the cause of the disease?

A

Etiology

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8
Q

A disease that is contracted while in the hospital

A

nosocomial disease

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9
Q

Adverse reactions to medical treatment (from a physician)

A

iatrogenic disease

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10
Q

A disease that has no known cause

A

idiopathic

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11
Q

What type of disease has a quick onset and lasts a short period of time?

A

acute disease

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12
Q

What type of disease manifest itself more slowly and lasts alonger time period of time

A

chronic disease

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13
Q

What is an illness that is followed by lasting effects?

A

sequelae

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14
Q

What is the name of disease that a person is believed to have?

A

diagnosis

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15
Q

What is the predicted course and outcome of a disease?

A

prognosis

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16
Q

What decreases normal tissue density?

A

destructive or subtractive disease

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17
Q

What increases normal tissue thickness?

A

Additive or Sclerotic disease (Ex. Padgett’s)

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18
Q

What is the investigation of disease in large groups?

A

Epidemiology

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19
Q

What is the number of deaths caused by a particular disease averaged over a population?

A

Mortality rate

20
Q

What is the name for diseases present at birth and resulting from genetic or environmental factors? Ex. Down Syndrome

A

Congenital disease

21
Q

What type of disease is caused by developmental disorders genetically transmitted from either parent to child through abnormalities in genes? Ex. hemophillia

A

Hereditary disease

22
Q

What is transmitted by a single gene from either parent?

A

dominant gene

23
Q

What is transmitted by both parents?

A

Recessive gene

24
Q

What type of disease results from the body’s reaction to a localized injurious agent?

A

inflammatory disease

25
Q

What is tissue death common in acute inflammation called?

A

cellular necrosis

26
Q

What is a disease caused by the deterioration of the body?

A

degenerative disease

27
Q

The sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body is known as?

A

Metabolism

28
Q

What is caused by a disturbance of the normal physiologic function of the body?

A

metabolic disease

29
Q

What is the result from mechanical forces such as twisting or crushing of a body part or from the effects of ionizing radiation on the human body?

A

traumatic disease

30
Q

What is an injury of soft parts associated with rupture of the skin?

A

wound

31
Q

Bleeding into the tissue spaces as a result of capillary rupture is known as?

A

bruise or contusion

32
Q

A result in new abnormal tissue growth(tumors) is called?

A

neoplastic disease

33
Q

When cancerous cells are spread via blood vessels, this is called?

A

hematogenous spread

34
Q

When cancerous cells are spread via lymphatic system, this is called?

A

lymphatic spread

35
Q

When cancerous cells spread into the surrounding tissue by virtue of close proximity to the area, is known as?

A

invasion

36
Q

When cancerous cells travel to a distant site or organ is called?

A

seeding

37
Q

What is a decrease in cell size called?

A

atrophy

38
Q

What is an increase in cell size called?

A

hypertrophy

39
Q

How do you set your technique for destructive/subtractive diseases?

A

decrease your technique

40
Q

How do you set your technique for additive/sclerotic diseases?

A

increase your technique

41
Q

Name three things that have helped shift the cause of death from acute infections to chronic disease?

A
  • biomedical and pharmaceutical advances
  • public health initiatives
  • social changes
42
Q

What is the most frequent cause of hospitalizations?

A

heart disease

43
Q

Identify the characteristics of acute inflammation?

A
  • heat
  • redness of the skin
  • swelling
  • pain
  • some loss of function as the body fends to protect the injured part
44
Q

What are some common metabolic conditions?

A
  • endocrine disorders
  • diabetes
  • disturbances of fluid and electrolytes balance
  • dehydration
45
Q

What is the most common disturbance of fluid balance in humans?

A

dehydration

46
Q

What is the difference between a malignant and benign neoplasm?

A

A benign neoplasm remains localized and is noninvasive while a malignant neoplasm continues to grow, spread, and invade other tissues.

47
Q

Name the primary modalities for treating cancer:

A
  • surgery
  • chemotherapy
  • radiation therapy

Radiography Fall 2015(2nd Year) (20 decks)

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