Pathology Test One Flashcards
What is the study of disease?
Pathology
What is any abnormal disturbance of the function or structure of the body as a result of some type of injury?
Disease
What is the patients perception of the disease called?
symptom
What is an objective manifestation that can be detected by a physician during an examination?
sign
What is a group of signs and symptoms that characterize a specific abnormal disturbance?
Syndrome
What is it called when no symptoms are produced?
Asymptomatic (Ex. blood pressure, Hepatitus B, and early signs of HIV)
What is the study of the cause of the disease?
Etiology
A disease that is contracted while in the hospital
nosocomial disease
Adverse reactions to medical treatment (from a physician)
iatrogenic disease
A disease that has no known cause
idiopathic
What type of disease has a quick onset and lasts a short period of time?
acute disease
What type of disease manifest itself more slowly and lasts alonger time period of time
chronic disease
What is an illness that is followed by lasting effects?
sequelae
What is the name of disease that a person is believed to have?
diagnosis
What is the predicted course and outcome of a disease?
prognosis
What decreases normal tissue density?
destructive or subtractive disease
What increases normal tissue thickness?
Additive or Sclerotic disease (Ex. Padgett’s)
What is the investigation of disease in large groups?
Epidemiology
What is the number of deaths caused by a particular disease averaged over a population?
Mortality rate
What is the name for diseases present at birth and resulting from genetic or environmental factors? Ex. Down Syndrome
Congenital disease
What type of disease is caused by developmental disorders genetically transmitted from either parent to child through abnormalities in genes? Ex. hemophillia
Hereditary disease
What is transmitted by a single gene from either parent?
dominant gene
What is transmitted by both parents?
Recessive gene
What type of disease results from the body’s reaction to a localized injurious agent?
inflammatory disease
What is tissue death common in acute inflammation called?
cellular necrosis
What is a disease caused by the deterioration of the body?
degenerative disease
The sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body is known as?
Metabolism
What is caused by a disturbance of the normal physiologic function of the body?
metabolic disease
What is the result from mechanical forces such as twisting or crushing of a body part or from the effects of ionizing radiation on the human body?
traumatic disease
What is an injury of soft parts associated with rupture of the skin?
wound
Bleeding into the tissue spaces as a result of capillary rupture is known as?
bruise or contusion
A result in new abnormal tissue growth(tumors) is called?
neoplastic disease
When cancerous cells are spread via blood vessels, this is called?
hematogenous spread
When cancerous cells are spread via lymphatic system, this is called?
lymphatic spread
When cancerous cells spread into the surrounding tissue by virtue of close proximity to the area, is known as?
invasion
When cancerous cells travel to a distant site or organ is called?
seeding
What is a decrease in cell size called?
atrophy
What is an increase in cell size called?
hypertrophy
How do you set your technique for destructive/subtractive diseases?
decrease your technique
How do you set your technique for additive/sclerotic diseases?
increase your technique
Name three things that have helped shift the cause of death from acute infections to chronic disease?
- biomedical and pharmaceutical advances
- public health initiatives
- social changes
What is the most frequent cause of hospitalizations?
heart disease
Identify the characteristics of acute inflammation?
- heat
- redness of the skin
- swelling
- pain
- some loss of function as the body fends to protect the injured part
What are some common metabolic conditions?
- endocrine disorders
- diabetes
- disturbances of fluid and electrolytes balance
- dehydration
What is the most common disturbance of fluid balance in humans?
dehydration
What is the difference between a malignant and benign neoplasm?
A benign neoplasm remains localized and is noninvasive while a malignant neoplasm continues to grow, spread, and invade other tissues.
Name the primary modalities for treating cancer:
- surgery
- chemotherapy
- radiation therapy
