Abdomen Ch 5 Pathology Flashcards
The lining of the abdomen
Peritoneum
Lining attached to abdominal organs
visceral peritoneum
Churns gastric content and propels it toward pylorus
Peristalsis
Appears as longitudinal lines within the stomach–Only can see when empty
Rugae
How each section of the small bowel will appear radiographically?
- Duodenum-transverse rigid appearance
- jejunum-appears delicate and feathery
- Ileum-folds look like those of the duodenum but not as large in diameter
What are two things always present on an abdominal image of an un-prepped patient?
- Gas patterns
- Fecal Matter
Presence of air-fluid levels on an erect image of normal patients?
Few if any air fluid levels
Where gas patterns are normally only seen at on an adult patient?
- stomach
- colon
What image is taken to show air-fluid levels when patient cannot stand?
left lateral decubitus
What does endoscopy do?
Allows for the visualization of both ends of the internal surfaces of the GI system
What does endoscopy use?
Lighted instruments with optics to visualize diseases of GI system
When thick barium is used on the esophagus?
When esophagus is single object of study
When is thin barium used on an esophagus?
When esophagus is studied as part of the GI system along with other parts
What is difficult swallowing known as? It is also the most common chief complaint when performing esophagrams?
Dysphagia
What does an UGI procedure evaluate>
Contour, position, rugae, and peristaltic changes
When a stoma is surgically created in the abdominal wall to allow drainage of bowel contents in a pouch located on the outside of the body
Colostomy
What is a common indication for ileostomy?
ulcerative colitis
What 2 conditions CT of the colon is commonly done to evaluate?
- Diverticulitis
- appendicitis
Why endoscopic procedures are used on GI system?
Used to look inside GI tract and other hollow organs and cavities of the body
What’s a contraindication for capsule endoscopy?
Bowel obstruction
What gastric tubes are used for?
- Aspiration of gastric contents
- Decompression and removal of contents
- Nutritional support
- Medication Administration
Congenital absence or closure of a normal body orifice or tubular organ?
Atresia
When the esophagus fails to develop past some point?
Esophageal atresia
Abnormal tube like passage?
Fistula
What’s the radiographic appearance of bowel atresia?
Double bubble sign- gaseous distension of the stomach creates one bubble and gas in proximal duodenum creates a second bubble
What is an imperforate anus?
COngenital disorder in where there is no anal opening to the outside
What’s the common area of fistula in boys and girls?–Imperforate anus
Boys- between bowel and urethra
Girls-between bowel and vagina
What is hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
Congenital anomaly of stomach where pyloric canal leading out of stomach is greatly narrowed
Is hypertrophic pyloric stenosis the most common indication for surgery in infants?
Yes
Who does hypertrophic pyloric stenosis most commonly effect?
first born males
What are the signs and symptoms of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?
Projectile vomiting at 2-6 weeks. Infants often becomes dehydrated and fails to gain weight
With hypertrophic pyloric stenosis what does an UGI evaluates?
Demonstrates delayed gastric emptying accompanied by a classic string sign as the barium trickles through the narrowed elongated pyloric canal