RAD ANA Flashcards
the study, classification, and description of the structure and organs of the human body
Anatomy
deals with the processes and functions of the body, or how the body parts work.
physiology
The lowest level of organization is the
chemical level.
Various chemicals in the form of molecules are organized to form___
cells
the basic structural and functional unit of all living tissue.
cell
cohesive groups of similar cells that, together with their intercellular material, perform a specific function.
Tissues
tissues that cover internal and external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and organs, such as the stomach and the intestines
Epithelial
supportive tissues that bind together and support various structures
Connective
tissues that make up the substance of a muscle.
Muscular
tissues that make up the substance of nerves and nerve centers
Nervous
how many systems in an organism`
10
study of bones
osteology
study of joints
Arthrology
hoy many bones in our body
206
To support and protect many soft tissues of the body.
skeletal system
To allow movement through interaction with the muscles to form a system of levers
skeletal system
To produce blood cells
skeletal system
To store calcium.
skeletal system
The circulatory system is composed of the following:
cardiovascular and lymphatic system
The cardiovascular organs—
blood, and blood vessels
The lymphatic system—
lymph nodes, lymph vessels, lymph glands, and spleen
To distribute oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body.
circulatory system
To carry cell waste and carbon dioxide from the cells.
circulatory system
To transport water, electrolytes, hormones, and enzymes
circulatory system
To protect against disease.
circulatory system
To prevent hemorrhage by forming blood clots
circulatory system
To help regulate body temperature
circulatory system
Alimentary canal
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
To prepare food for absorption by the cells through numerous physical and chemical breakdown processes.
digestive system
To eliminate solid wastes from the body.
digestive system
To supply oxygen to the blood and eventually to the cells
respiratory system
To eliminate carbon dioxide from the blood.
respiratory system
to assist in regulating the acid-base balance of the blood
respiratory system
includes the organs that produce, collect, and eliminate urine.
urinary system:
To regulate the chemical composition of the blood
urinary system:
To eliminate many waste products
urinary system:
To regulate fluid and electrolyte balance and volume
urinary system:
To maintain the acid-base balance of the body.
urinary system:
is made up of organs that produce, transport, and store the germ cells
reproductive system
organs of the male include
vas deferens, prostate gland, and penis.
organs of reproduction in the female are the
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina.
To reproduce the organism.
reproductive system
nervous system is composed
brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and special sense organs such as the eyes and ears.
To regulate body act
Nervous System
types of muscle
(1) skeletal, (2) smooth, and (3) cardiac.
About ___ of the weight of the human body is accounted for by voluntary or striated skeletal muscle.
43%
is involuntary, is located in the walls of hollow internal organs such as blood vessels, the stomach, and intestines
Smooth muscle
is found only in the walls of the heart and is involuntary but striated.
Cardiac muscle
To allow movement, such as locomotion of the body or movement of substances through the alimentary canal
muscular system
To maintain posture
muscular system
To produce heat
muscular system
To regulate bodily activities through the various hormones carried by the cardiovascular system.
endocrine system
The skin is the largest organ of the body, covering a surface area of approximately
7, 620 cm²
Regulate body temperature
integumentary system
Protect the body, within limits, against microbial invasion and mechanical, chemical, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage
integumentary system
Eliminate waste products through perspiration
integumentary system
Receive certain stimuli such as temperature, pressure, and pain
integumentary system
Synthesize certain vitamins and biochemicals such as vitamin D.
integumentary system
any longitudinal plane that divides the body into right and left parts.
Sagittal Plane
any longitudinal plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
Coronal Plane
any transverse plane that passes through the body at right angles to a longitudinal plane, dividing the body into superior and inferior portions.
Horizontal (axial) Plane
a longitudinal or transverse plane that is at an angle or slant and is not parallel to the sagittal, coronal, or horizontal plane
Oblique Plane
Cut or Slice Image of the Body
Section
sectional images are at right angles along any point of the longitudinal axis of the body or its parts
Transverse or axial sections (cross-sections) –
this precise transverse plane is formed by connecting the lines from the infraorbital margins (inferior edge of bony orbits) to the superior margin of the external auditory meatus (EAM), the external opening of the ear.
base plane
base plane is sometimescalled
frankfort horizontal plane
this horizontal plane is formed by the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with jaws closed (
Occlusal Plane
transects the pelvis at the top of the iliac crest.
Interiliac Plane
refers to the back half of the patient, or the part of the body seen when the person is viewed from the back
Posterior or Dorsal
refers to front half of the patient, or the part seen when viewed from the front
Anterior or Ventral
refers to the sole or posterior surface of the foot.
Plantar
refers to the top or anterior surface of the foot
Dorsal
refers to the palm of the hand; in the anatomic position, the same as the anterior or ventral surface of the hand.
Palmar/Volar
means toward the head end of the body.
cephalad
away from the head end of the body
caudal
nearer to the head or situated above
superior
nearer to the feet or situated below
inferior
midarea or main part of an organ.
Central
parts at or near the surface, edge or outside of the body part.
Peripheral
parts toward the median plane or toward the middle of the body.
Medial
parts away from the median plane or away from the middle of the body
Lateral
parts nearest the point of attachment/origin.
Proximal
parts farthest from the point of attachment/origin.
Distal
parts inside of an organ/body
internal
parts outside of an organ
external
parts near the skin or surface
superficial
parts far from the surface
deep
wall or lining of a body cavity
perietal
covering of an organ
visceral
parts on the same side of the body.
ipsilateral
parts on the opposite side of the body.
contralateral
The two great cavities of the torso are the
thoracic and abdominal cavities
