CR-DR 2 Flashcards

1
Q

understanding of conventional film/screen

A

1.Uses film and intensifying screens in the image formation process.
2.Film is placed on one or two IS that emit light when struck by x-rays.
3.Film is processed with chemicals to convert latent image to manifest image.
4.Film is taken to a radiologist and placed on a light box for interpretation.

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2
Q

In medicine, one of the first use of digital imaging was the introduction of the__

A

CT SCAN

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3
Q

who introduced CT Scan

A

Godfrey Hounsfield 1970

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4
Q

second major milestone in medical imaging

A

CT Scan

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5
Q

earliest unit took several hours to acquire a single slice of information
 few days to reconstruct raw data into recognizable image

A

CT Scan

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6
Q

introduced commercially for health care use in the early 1980s

A
  1. MRI
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7
Q

made it possible to capture the image digitally

A

Fluoroscopy

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8
Q

_____ and _____tubes allowed for the display of the dynamic image on TV

A

Plumbicon and VIdicon

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9
Q

easy converts to the digital world because the images created were simply frame-grabbed

A

Ultrasound & Nuclear Medicine

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10
Q

introduced the concept of moving images digitally during his experimentation with teleradiology in the 1950s

A

Albert Jutras (Canada)

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11
Q

PSP (previously known as

A

computed radiography)

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12
Q

PSP imaging was first introduced commercially in the US in___ by _____

A

1983 by fuji medical systems of japan

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13
Q

Parts(?) of PSP

A

phosphor storage plate, reader, laser printer

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14
Q

PSP imaging will see a reduction in Medicare reimbursements starting in 2018 by

A

7%

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15
Q

PSP imaging will see a reduction in Medicare reimbursements starting in 2022

A

10%

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16
Q

process of flat panel detector use to form image

A

use an x-ray absorber material coupled to a thin-film transistor (TFT), complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), or charge-coupled device (CCD)

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17
Q

developed the precursor to the current full-field CCD units.

A

1.Dr. M. Paul Capp
2.Dr. Sol Nudelman
3.Hans Roehrig
4.Dan Fisher
5.Meryll Frost

18
Q

LATENT IMAGE FORMATION OF PSP

A

X-rays strike phosphor plate; x-ray energy deposited in the phosphor; energy released from phosphor after light stimulation by reader

19
Q

latent image formation in FPD

A

X-rays strike detector;
Indirect: phosphor emits light; photodetector detects light & converted to electric signals
Direct: Photoconductor detects x-rays & converted to electric signals

20
Q

No cassette but may use a wired or wireless detector; process at console

A

FPD

21
Q

Use cassette with phosphor plate, process in reader

A

PSP

22
Q

By chemicals; image appearance based on technical factors & film/screen combination

A

Processing in conventional rediography

23
Q

process in PSP

A

By light; takes place in a quality control workstation based on preset image algorithms

24
Q

process in FPD

A

By detection; takes place at the acquisition console based on preset image algorithms

25
Q

Linear; wide exposure latitude

A

PSP FDP

26
Q

Non-linear; narrow exposure latitude

A

EXPOSURE RESPONE IN CONVE RAD

27
Q

Important for patient dose reduction & image processing

A

PSP FPD

28
Q

Seen w/ low mAs & fast screens

A

Noise( CONVE RAD)

29
Q

Seen with adequate mAs

A

NOISE (PSP FDP)

30
Q

networked group of computers, servers, and archives that can be used to manage digital images.

A

PICTURE ARCHIVING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS

31
Q

WHAT FORMAT DOES PACS ACCEPT

A

DICOM

32
Q

PACS SERVES AS

A

file room, reading room, duplicator, and courier.

33
Q

first full-scale PACS was installed in

A

1933 VA MEDICAL CENTER

34
Q

PACS Uses

A

seen in radiology and sometimes in cardiology department
receive images from any department in the hospital that sends in a DICOM format
Archive space (and expense) can now be shared among different hospital departments
Many PACS reading stations also have image processing capabilities

35
Q

Parts of PACS

A

rpwtaao
a.Reading stations
b.Physician review stations
c.Web access
d.Technologist quality control stations
e.Administrative stations
f.Archive systems
g.Other interfaces to various hospital & radiology systems

36
Q

Technical Choices
a. Film/Screen system

A

Images are recorded in a logarithmic fashion.

37
Q

Technical Choices
b. Digital system

A

Images are recorded in linear fashion.

38
Q

Many of the first PSP systems had a relative speed of

A

200

39
Q

able to resolve more detail

A

Slower screens

40
Q

require less exposure technique, thereby reducing patient dose

A

Faster screens