CR-DR 2 Flashcards
understanding of conventional film/screen
1.Uses film and intensifying screens in the image formation process.
2.Film is placed on one or two IS that emit light when struck by x-rays.
3.Film is processed with chemicals to convert latent image to manifest image.
4.Film is taken to a radiologist and placed on a light box for interpretation.
In medicine, one of the first use of digital imaging was the introduction of the__
CT SCAN
who introduced CT Scan
Godfrey Hounsfield 1970
second major milestone in medical imaging
CT Scan
earliest unit took several hours to acquire a single slice of information
few days to reconstruct raw data into recognizable image
CT Scan
introduced commercially for health care use in the early 1980s
- MRI
made it possible to capture the image digitally
Fluoroscopy
_____ and _____tubes allowed for the display of the dynamic image on TV
Plumbicon and VIdicon
easy converts to the digital world because the images created were simply frame-grabbed
Ultrasound & Nuclear Medicine
introduced the concept of moving images digitally during his experimentation with teleradiology in the 1950s
Albert Jutras (Canada)
PSP (previously known as
computed radiography)
PSP imaging was first introduced commercially in the US in___ by _____
1983 by fuji medical systems of japan
Parts(?) of PSP
phosphor storage plate, reader, laser printer
PSP imaging will see a reduction in Medicare reimbursements starting in 2018 by
7%
PSP imaging will see a reduction in Medicare reimbursements starting in 2022
10%
process of flat panel detector use to form image
use an x-ray absorber material coupled to a thin-film transistor (TFT), complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), or charge-coupled device (CCD)
developed the precursor to the current full-field CCD units.
1.Dr. M. Paul Capp
2.Dr. Sol Nudelman
3.Hans Roehrig
4.Dan Fisher
5.Meryll Frost
LATENT IMAGE FORMATION OF PSP
X-rays strike phosphor plate; x-ray energy deposited in the phosphor; energy released from phosphor after light stimulation by reader
latent image formation in FPD
X-rays strike detector;
Indirect: phosphor emits light; photodetector detects light & converted to electric signals
Direct: Photoconductor detects x-rays & converted to electric signals
No cassette but may use a wired or wireless detector; process at console
FPD
Use cassette with phosphor plate, process in reader
PSP
By chemicals; image appearance based on technical factors & film/screen combination
Processing in conventional rediography
process in PSP
By light; takes place in a quality control workstation based on preset image algorithms
process in FPD
By detection; takes place at the acquisition console based on preset image algorithms
Linear; wide exposure latitude
PSP FDP
Non-linear; narrow exposure latitude
EXPOSURE RESPONE IN CONVE RAD
Important for patient dose reduction & image processing
PSP FPD
Seen w/ low mAs & fast screens
Noise( CONVE RAD)
Seen with adequate mAs
NOISE (PSP FDP)
networked group of computers, servers, and archives that can be used to manage digital images.
PICTURE ARCHIVING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
WHAT FORMAT DOES PACS ACCEPT
DICOM
PACS SERVES AS
file room, reading room, duplicator, and courier.
first full-scale PACS was installed in
1933 VA MEDICAL CENTER
PACS Uses
seen in radiology and sometimes in cardiology department
receive images from any department in the hospital that sends in a DICOM format
Archive space (and expense) can now be shared among different hospital departments
Many PACS reading stations also have image processing capabilities
Parts of PACS
rpwtaao
a.Reading stations
b.Physician review stations
c.Web access
d.Technologist quality control stations
e.Administrative stations
f.Archive systems
g.Other interfaces to various hospital & radiology systems
Technical Choices
a. Film/Screen system
Images are recorded in a logarithmic fashion.
Technical Choices
b. Digital system
Images are recorded in linear fashion.
Many of the first PSP systems had a relative speed of
200
able to resolve more detail
Slower screens
require less exposure technique, thereby reducing patient dose
Faster screens
