CR-DR Flashcards
(PACS)
picture archiving and communication system
digital image stored in a computer is rectangular in format and made up of small squares called
PIXEL
Each pixel contains a series of
1s and 0s
is the transfer of images and patient reports to remote sites.
Teleradiology
the transfer of data from a sender to a receiver across a distance.
Communications/telecommunications
consists of devices that translate computer information into a form that humans can understand.
Output hardware
converts data into a form the computer can use.
Input hardware
an archival form of memory (compact disc, flash drive, hard disc drives).
Storage
contains information supplied by the manufacturer, called firmware, that cannot be written on or erased.
Read-only memory (ROM) –
data can be stored or accessed at random from anywhere in main memory in approximately equal amounts of time regardless of where the data are located
Random access memory (RAM)
the working storage of a computer.
Main memory –
the primary element
that allows the computer to manipulate data and carry
out software instructions.
Central processing unit (CPU) –
These two components
and all other components are connected by an
electrical conductor called a
bus
consists of programs that make it easy for the user to operate a computer to its best advantage.
Systems software
are those written in a higher level language expressly to carry out some user function.
Application programs
sequence of instructions developed by a software programmer.
Computer programs
a single binary digit, 0 or 1.
Bit/s –
formed when bits are grouped into bunches of eight.
Bytes
the system we normally use,
Decimal system
counting in the binary number system starts with 0 to 1 and then counts over again
Binary system
everything about the computer that is visible
Hardware
consists of the computer programs that tell the hardware what to do and how to store and manipulate data.
Software
refers to a continuously varying quantity.
Analog
uses only two values that vary discretely through coding.
Digital
vacuum tube devices.
First-generation computers (1939-1958)
based on individually packaged transistors
Second-generation computers (1958)
used integrated circuits (ICs), which consist of many transistors and other electronic elements fused onto a chip—a tiny piece of semiconductor material, usually silicon.
Third-generation computers (1964)
an extension of the third generation and incorporated large-scale integration (LSI);
Fourth-generation computers (1975)
developed the microprocessor at Intel Corporation.
Ted Hoff (1971)
as the first commercially successful general-purpose, stored program electronic digital computer.
Eckert and Mauchly (1951)
UNIVAC
Universal Automatic Computer
developed the transistor together with other scientists at the Bell Telephone Laboratories.
William Shockley (1948)
an electronic switch that alternately allows or does not allow electronic signals to pass.
transistor
the earliest calculating tool that was invented thousands of years ago in China
Abacus
two mathematicians who built mechanical calculators
Blaise Pascal and Gottfried Leibniz (17th century)
designed an analytical engine that performed general calculations automatically.
Charles Babbage (1842)
designed a tabulating machine to record census data in 1890.
Herman Hollerith (1890) -
store information as holes on cards that were interpreted by machines with electrical sensors. Hollerith’s company later grew to become IBM.
tabulating machine
and built the first electronic digital computer.
John Atansoff and Clifford Berry (1939)
the first fully operational working computer built by the British which was designed to crack encrypted German military codes.
Colossus (December 1943)
the first general-purpose modern computer developed at Harvard University.
Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator or Mark I (1944)
developed the first general-purpose electronic computer called ENIAC (
J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly (1946)
ENIAC
Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator)
