CR-DR Flashcards

1
Q

(PACS)

A

picture archiving and communication system

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2
Q

digital image stored in a computer is rectangular in format and made up of small squares called

A

PIXEL

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3
Q

Each pixel contains a series of

A

1s and 0s

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4
Q

is the transfer of images and patient reports to remote sites.

A

Teleradiology

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5
Q

the transfer of data from a sender to a receiver across a distance.

A

Communications/telecommunications

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6
Q

consists of devices that translate computer information into a form that humans can understand.

A

Output hardware

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7
Q

converts data into a form the computer can use.

A

Input hardware

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8
Q

an archival form of memory (compact disc, flash drive, hard disc drives).

A

Storage

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9
Q

contains information supplied by the manufacturer, called firmware, that cannot be written on or erased.

A

Read-only memory (ROM) –

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10
Q

data can be stored or accessed at random from anywhere in main memory in approximately equal amounts of time regardless of where the data are located

A

Random access memory (RAM)

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11
Q

the working storage of a computer.

A

Main memory –

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12
Q

the primary element
that allows the computer to manipulate data and carry
out software instructions.

A

Central processing unit (CPU) –

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13
Q

These two components
and all other components are connected by an
electrical conductor called a

A

bus

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14
Q

consists of programs that make it easy for the user to operate a computer to its best advantage.

A

Systems software

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15
Q

are those written in a higher level language expressly to carry out some user function.

A

Application programs

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16
Q

sequence of instructions developed by a software programmer.

A

Computer programs

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17
Q

a single binary digit, 0 or 1.

A

Bit/s –

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18
Q

formed when bits are grouped into bunches of eight.

A

Bytes

19
Q

the system we normally use,

A

Decimal system

20
Q

counting in the binary number system starts with 0 to 1 and then counts over again

A

Binary system

21
Q

everything about the computer that is visible

A

Hardware

22
Q

consists of the computer programs that tell the hardware what to do and how to store and manipulate data.

A

Software

23
Q

refers to a continuously varying quantity.

A

Analog

24
Q

uses only two values that vary discretely through coding.

A

Digital

25
Q

vacuum tube devices.

A

First-generation computers (1939-1958)

26
Q

based on individually packaged transistors

A

Second-generation computers (1958)

27
Q

used integrated circuits (ICs), which consist of many transistors and other electronic elements fused onto a chip—a tiny piece of semiconductor material, usually silicon.

A

Third-generation computers (1964)

28
Q

an extension of the third generation and incorporated large-scale integration (LSI);

A

Fourth-generation computers (1975)

29
Q

developed the microprocessor at Intel Corporation.

A

Ted Hoff (1971)

30
Q

as the first commercially successful general-purpose, stored program electronic digital computer.

A

Eckert and Mauchly (1951)

31
Q

UNIVAC

A

Universal Automatic Computer

32
Q

developed the transistor together with other scientists at the Bell Telephone Laboratories.

A

William Shockley (1948)

33
Q

an electronic switch that alternately allows or does not allow electronic signals to pass.

A

transistor

34
Q

the earliest calculating tool that was invented thousands of years ago in China

A

Abacus

35
Q

two mathematicians who built mechanical calculators

A

Blaise Pascal and Gottfried Leibniz (17th century)

36
Q

designed an analytical engine that performed general calculations automatically.

A

Charles Babbage (1842)

37
Q

designed a tabulating machine to record census data in 1890.

A

Herman Hollerith (1890) -

38
Q

store information as holes on cards that were interpreted by machines with electrical sensors. Hollerith’s company later grew to become IBM.

A

tabulating machine

39
Q

and built the first electronic digital computer.

A

John Atansoff and Clifford Berry (1939)

40
Q

the first fully operational working computer built by the British which was designed to crack encrypted German military codes.

A

Colossus (December 1943)

41
Q

the first general-purpose modern computer developed at Harvard University.

A

Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator or Mark I (1944)

42
Q

developed the first general-purpose electronic computer called ENIAC (

A

J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly (1946)

43
Q

ENIAC

A

Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator)