PHC Flashcards
Primary HealthCare was first introduce by
WHO and UNICEF
when did Primary HealthCare was first introduce
1978
Where did Primary HealthCare was first introduce
Alma Ata Declaration
what does UNICEF stand for
UNITED INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN’S EMERGENCY FUND (UNICEF)
KEY ELEMENTS FOR PHC
- Accessibility –
- Comprehensive –
- Community Participation
- Appropriate Technology
- Intersectoral Collaboration
- Integration
Theories and models of PHC
- Health Belief Model (HBM)
- Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)
- Transtheoretical Model of Health Promotion
- Ecological Mode of Health Promotion
- Community Based Participating Research
- Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
- Collection of people who interacts with one another and whose common interest and characteristics form the basic sense of unity.
Community
- Local population that residents living in a particular region.
Community
2 types of Community
Geopolitical
Phenomenological Community
Collection of people who formed a group of specifically to address a common need or concern.
Community Solution
- Use to denote group of people with common characteristics
Population
- Subgroups or subpopulation that have some common characteristics or concern
Aggregate
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion Developed in
1986
o Emphasize the importance of supportive environment strengthening community action and develop personal skills.
- Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
o Involves collaboration between researches and community mentors in an aspect of two research process
- Community Based Participating Research
o Recognizing that health is influence by a complex interplay of individual interpersonal and social factors.
- Ecological Mode of Health Promotion
- Transtheoretical Model of Health Promotion Stages
- Pre-Contemplation
- Contemplation
- Preparation – not enough process
- Action- taking a step
- Maintenance
- Termination
- Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) Developed by
ALBERT BONDURA
o Highlights the role of observational learning social influence and self-efficacy in behavior change
- Social Cognitive Theory (SCT)
it outlines different stages individuals go through when making behavior change
- Transtheoretical Model of Health Promotion
o Focuses on individual perception of health risk and factors that influence health related behaviors
- Health Belief Model (HBM)
It addresses the main health problems in the community, providing promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services accordingly
Primary Health Care
- refers to the essential healthcare services that are accessible, affordable, community-based, and socially acceptable to individuals and families.
Primary Health Care
are defined or formed by natural or human-made boundaries and include cities, countries, states and nations.
Geopolitical community
this is the traditional community
Geopolitical community
the place or setting is more abstract and people share a group perspective or identity based on culture, values, history, interest, and goals.
Phenomenological community
- it refers to relational, interactive groups
Phenomenological community
- is typically used to denote a group of people with common personal or environmental characteristics.
Population
- is often described as the art and science of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized community efforts to benefit each citizen.
Public Health
which entitles all people to basic necessities such as adequate income and health protection and accepts collective burdens to make it possible.
Mission
a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease
health acc to WHO
is a state of being well and using every power of the individual processes to the fullest extent
health acc to nightingale
- connotes community vitality and is a result of positive interaction among groups within the community, with an emphasis on health promotion and illness prevention.
Social Health
Dimensions of Health
Physical Health
Mental Health
Social Health
Emotional Health
Intellectual Health
Occupation Health
Environmental Health
Spiritual Health
Financial Health
Cultural Health
- This dimension focuses on the functioning of the body and its systems
Physical Health
involves aspects such as fitness, nutrition, sleep, regular physical activity, and the absence of illness or disease
Physical Health
refers to emotional and psychological well-being
Mental Health
It encompasses factors such as emotional resilience, stress management, coping mechanisms, self-esteem, and the ability to maintain positive relationships
Mental Health
health relates to an individual’s ability to form and maintain healthy relationships with others
Social Health:
It involves effective communication, social support networks, a sense of belonging, and positive interactions within one’s community.
Social Health
involves recognizing, understanding, and managing one’s emotions
Emotional Health
It includes self-awareness, emotional regulation, and the ability to express feelings healthily and constructively.
Emotional Health
encompasses cognitive abilities, critical thinking, creativity, and a continuous pursuit of knowledge and personal growth.
Intellectual Health
It involves engaging in stimulating activities that challenge the mind.
Intellectual Health
pertains to one’s satisfaction and fulfillment in their work or chosen activities.
Occupational Health
It involves a sense of purpose, job satisfaction, work-life balance, and a positive work environment.
Occupational Health
considers the impact of the external environment on an individual’s well-being
Environmental Health
It involves factors such as exposure to pollutants, access to clean water and air, and living in a safe and supportive community
Environmental Health
encompasses a sense of purpose, meaning, and connection to something greater than oneself
Spiritual Health
It involves personal beliefs, values, and practices that contribute to a sense of inner peace and harmony.
Spiritual Health
health relates to an individual’s economic well-being.
Financial Health
It involves managing financial resources effectively, planning for the future, and experiencing financial security.
Financial Health
recognizes the importance of cultural identity, values, and practices in shaping an individual’s well-being.
Cultural Health
involves respecting diversity and understanding the cultural context of health behaviors
Cultural Health
Models of Health
Biomedical Model
Biopsychosocial Model
Social Determinants of Health Model
Health Belief Model
Social Cognitive Theory
Ecological Model
Health Promotion Model
Positive Health Model
traditional model focuses on the biological aspects of health and disease.
Biomedical Model
It views health as the absence of disease and emphasizes medical interventions to treat and cure illnesses
Biomedical Model
model tends to prioritize physical factors and often neglects social, psychological, and environmental influences on health.
Biomedical Model
This holistic model considers the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors in determining health and illness
Biopsychosocial Model
recognizes that health outcomes result from complex interactions between biological processes, psychological well-being, and social determinants.
Biopsychosocial Model
This model highlights the social, economic, and environmental conditions that shape health outcomes
Social Determinants of Health Model
It recognizes that factors such as income, education, housing, and social support networks significantly influence an individual’s health.
Social Determinants of Health Model
Efforts to address health disparities often focus on addressing these social determinants to achieve better overall health
Social Determinants of Health Model
This model is based on the idea that individual health-related behaviors are influenced by perceived threats, benefits, and barriers.
Health Belief Model
It suggests that individuals learn from observing others, and factors such as social norms, role models, and reinforcement play crucial roles in the adoption of health-promoting or risk behaviors.
Social Cognitive Theory
considers health within the context of multiple levels of influence, including the individual, interpersonal relationships, community, and broader societal factors.
Ecological Model
recognizes the dynamic interactions between individuals and their environments, emphasizing the importance of creating supportive and health-promoting environments
Ecological Model
Developed by Nola Pender
Health Promotion Model
, this model focuses on the factors that motivate individuals to engage in health-promoting behaviors
Health Promotion Model
model encourages the development of self-efficacy and a sense of empowerment to promote positive health outcomes
Health Promotion Model
- Proposed by Aaron Antonovsky
Positive Health Model:
this model emphasizes a sense of coherence as a key determinant of health.
Positive Health Model:
It suggests that individuals with a strong sense of coherence, characterized by a meaningful and comprehensible view of life, are more resilient and better equipped to cope with stressors, leading to improved health outcomes
Positive Health Model:
is the act of practicing healthy habits daily to attain better physical and mental health outcomes, so that instead of just surviving, you’re thriving
Wellness
-is an active process through which people become aware of, and make choices toward, a more successful existence.
Wellness
- is a measure of how people perceive their health rating it as excellent, very good, good, fair, or poor.
Health Status
