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ABFT Exam Prep 2 > Quizlet > Flashcards

Quizlet Flashcards

1
Q

Besides P450, what are 2 other common enzymes?

A

Monoamine oxidase and flavin-containing monooxygenases

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2
Q

Laser striking a matrix of small molecules that makes the analyte molecules into the gas phase without causing fragmentation of decomposition, the matrix and analyte molecules converted into gas move towards the detector, analyte molecules will be ionized by nearby matrix molecules.

A

MALDI

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3
Q

First, the sample is mixed with a suitable matrix material and applied to a metal plate. Second, a pulsed laser irradiates the sample, triggering ablation and desorption of the sample and matrix material. Finally, the analyte molecules are ionized by being protonated or deprotonated in the hot plume of ablated gases, and then they can be accelerated into whichever mass spectrometer is used to analyze them

A

MALDI

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4
Q

7 examples of protein ppt reagent

A

Organic solvents, Zinc sulfate in MeOH, 5-sulfosalicylic acid, perchloric acid, trichloroacetic acid, sodium tungstate, ammonium sulfate

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5
Q

What ionization gas is commonly used in chemical ionization?

A

Methane and Ammonia Gas

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6
Q

Energized (ionized) by inductively heating the gas with an electromagnetic coil, and contains a sufficient concentration of ions and electrons to make the gas electrically conductive. Can be used for metals.

A

Inductively Coupled Plasma Ionization

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7
Q

What are the 4 nonoxidative metabolites of ethanol?

A

EtG, EtS, Phosphatidylethanol (Peth), fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE)

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8
Q

Used to analyze nonpolar and moderately polar compounds; has an interface that uses photons emitted by a light source to ionize analytes

A

APPI

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9
Q

HILIC stand for?

A

Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography

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10
Q

Antidote for cyanide poisoning?

A

Amyl nitrate inhalation with IV sodium nitrate and sodium thiosulfate > combination forms methemoglobin

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11
Q

The process in which drugs and metabolites excreted into the bile, enter the intestines and are reabsorbed into the bloodstream

A

Enterohepatic Circulation

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12
Q

Chemical waster that is produced by your muscle metabolism

A

Creatinine

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13
Q

What is the pH range of the stomach?

A

1.0-3.5

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14
Q

Volume in which the amount of toxicant would need to be uniformly dissolved in order to produce an observed blood concentration

A

Volume of Distribution

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15
Q

Enteral route of administration refers to…

A

Giving a drug via the GI tract. Includes: sublingually, orally, rectally

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16
Q

In general, how many half lives does it take for a drug to be completely eliminated?

A

6 half lives

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17
Q

What is the Cockroft-Gault formula?

A

Determine creatinine clearance

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18
Q

What part of the breath is the only acceptable breath sample (ethanol)?

A

End-Expiratory Breath

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19
Q

What factors affect bioavailability?

A

Drug solubility, Drug Concentration, Surface area, Blood Supply, pH

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20
Q

Name 3 compounds that can produce methamphetamine as a metabolite?

A

Benzphetamine, Selegiline, Famprozazone

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21
Q

What are the major constituents of opium?

A

Morphine, Noscapine, Paraverine, Codeine, Thebaine

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22
Q

What 2 drugs will produce heroin like effects?

A

Pentazocine and Tripelennamine

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23
Q

What is the most recent synthetic opioid- 2008?

A

Tapentadol

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24
Q

Order of potency, less to more: Fentanyl analogs

A

Alfentanil,Remifentanil, Sufentanil, Carfentanil, Lofentanil

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25
Q

Acetylation of morphine

A

Heroin

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26
Q

How long can 6MAM be detected in urine after exposure?

A

2-8 hours

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27
Q

Typical opioid pKa values are

A

7.6-8.9

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28
Q

What is the Fujiwara color test used for?

A

Halogenated Hydrocarbons

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29
Q

Test used for presumptive positive of salicylate?

A

Trinders

30
Q

What is the pKa of GHB?

A

4.72

31
Q

Group of drugs that are used to treat patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder; they work at the 5-HT1A receptor

A

Azapirones

32
Q

Structurally similar to phenobarbital

A

Glutethimide

33
Q

Uses glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. G6P-DH binds to antibody and is inhibited > NO DRUG. Drug binds to the antibody and prevents G6P-DH from binding, remains active > DRUG. G6P-DH converts NAD to NADH which causes a signal

A

EMIT

34
Q

Fluorescein binds to drug which is bound to antibody. Cannot rotate freely and polarized light absorbed is emitted > DRUG
Fluorescein rotates freely and polarized light emitted is reduced > NO DRUG

A

FPIA

35
Q

Uses E. coli beta galactosidase. Activity of the enzyme requires enzyme acceptor and enzyme donor. Active enzyme hydrolyzes chlorophenolred-beta-galactosidase to chlorophenolred and galactose.

A

CEDIA

36
Q

When there is so much drug that it produces either a lower response or a false negative

A

HOOK EFFECT

37
Q

LLE

A
  • protein precipitation
  • add immiscible organic solvent
  • pH adjustment to make the drug enter the organic solvent > makes unionized – 2pH units below pKa or above for amines)
38
Q

Barbs major structural modification site

A

C5

39
Q

Short acting benzos

A

Midazolam and Triazolam

40
Q

Intermediate acting benzos

A

Alprazolam, Lorazepam, Oxazepam, Temazepam

41
Q

What is the equation for electromagnetic radiation?

A

Wavelength x Frequency = c (speed of light)

42
Q

Hydrocarbons of the analytes in a sample are burned by the flame and produce ions. Not detect inorganic compounds.

A

FID

43
Q

Octanol-water partition coefficient. It is a measure of how hydrophilic or hydrophobic a molecule is.

A

LogP

44
Q

What solvents are often used to extract basic substances via ion-pair extraction?

A

Chloroform and Dichloromethane

45
Q

Major opiate alkaloids class obtained from the opium poppy.

A

Phenanthrenes

46
Q

The part of the antigen that is recognized by the immune system

A

Epitope

47
Q

At 3 standard deviations, _____ of all results fall within this range.

A

99.6%

48
Q

At 2 standard deviations, _____ of all results fall within this range.

A

95.4%

49
Q

At 1 standard deviations, _____ of all results fall within this range.

A

68.2%

50
Q

Uses a radioactive beta particle; used for halogenated compounds.

A

ECD

51
Q

Hot bead emits e-. Nitrogen and Phosphorus are absorbed on the bead, which increases the current.

A

NPD

52
Q

An e- is expelled during a collision with other energetic e-‘s, resulting in the molecule becoming a positive ion.

A

Electron Ionization

53
Q

e- ionize a reagent gas that comes in contact with the compounds, resulting in molecular ions.

A

Chemical Ionization

54
Q

Analytes undergo evaporation, which leaves them charged. When the charged molecule exceeds the Raleigh Stability Limit, the droplets fragment and you are left with charged ions.

A

Electrospray Ionization

55
Q

12 Common Synthetic Cannabinoids

A

JWH018, JWH073, UR144, AKB48APINACA, BB22, PB22CUPIC, 5FLUOROPB225FPB22, ABFUBINACA, ADBPINACA, ABCHMINACA, ABPINACA, ADBICA, XLR11

56
Q

Cannabinol is approximately ___ as psychoactive as THC.

A

10%

57
Q

Common synthetic cathinones

A

Methcathinone, Mephedrone, Methylone, Buphedrone, Pyrovalerone, Alpha-PvP, MDPV, Bupropion

58
Q

What is Lambert’s equation?

A

Log (1/T) = A
T = transmittance A = absorbance

59
Q

Emission of light from molecules that have been excited to a higher energy level after absorption of electromagnetic radiation

A

fluorescence

60
Q

Labeled antigens added and bind to the antibodies. Any labeled unbound antigens are washed/removed. Sample is added and if there is antigen present, it will competitively bind to antibody and displace labeled antigens. Equilibrium is reached and washed a second time to remove any unbound labelled/unlabeled antigens. Radioactivity is recorded to determine how much drug is in the sample.

A

RIA

61
Q

A calculated value used to compare the ability of stationary phases to separate different classes of compounds. It can be used to predict elution order.

A

McReynolds Constant

62
Q

The introduction of an acyl (RCO-) to a molecular through the substitution of an active hydrogen. Ideal for polar molecules containing hydroxyls, thiols, or amines > converts to esters thioesters and amides

A

Acylation

63
Q

3 examples of common acylation reagents

A

TFAA, PFAA (or PFPA), HFBA (or HFAA)

64
Q

A qualitative characteristic of an assay that denotes the assay’s ability to detect and correctly identify an analyte in samples

A

Efficiency

65
Q

In a suspected chronic poisoning, the best single specimen for elucidation of heavy metals

A

Hair

66
Q

Specimen that can concentrate certain drugs, ex benzos

A

Bile

67
Q

Reacts with nitrogenous bases in TLC

A

Iodoplatinate

68
Q

Dragendorff’s reagent

A

Color test for nitrogenous bases

69
Q

Indoylalkylamines

A

B-carbolines, Ergolines (LSD), a-methyltryptamines, Tryptamines (psilocin)

70
Q

Metabolite of Phenytoin

A

HPPH

71
Q

Detectors used for CO analysis

A

TCD and FID

ABFT Exam Prep 2 (20 decks)

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