Module 7

Question 1

The theoretical volume that would be necessary to contain the total amount of an administered drug at the same concentration that it is observed in the blood.

Answer 1

volume of distribution

Question 2

If the dose is 10 mg and Cp is 20 mg/L, the apparent volume of distribution is:

Answer 2

0.50 L

Question 3

The half-life of a drug is 3 hours, the rate constant of elimination is:

Answer 3

0.231/hr

Question 4

The two most important sits for drug elimination are:

Answer 4

Liver and kidney

Question 5

What is the fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation?

Answer 5

Bioavailability

Question 6

Type of drug that as affinity for a receptor but poor efficacy

Answer 6

antagonist

Question 7

Type of drug that binds to a receptor and activates it

Answer 7

agonist

Question 8

When the rate of drug input is equal to the rate of drug elimination, this is called:

Answer 8

Steady state

Question 9

The main enzymes involved in metabolism:

Answer 9

The cytochrome p450 family

Question 10

Considered the most common Phase II reaction:

Answer 10

Glucuronidation

Question 11

This metabolite is highly reactive and responsible for acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity:

Answer 11

NAPQI

Question 12

Methanol toxicity produces a decrease in blood pH because of its toxic metabolite. This metabolite is:

Answer 12

Formic acid

Question 13

Most of the ethanol in the body is broken down in the liver by an enzyme called:

Answer 13

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 14

What phase of metabolism: Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis:

Answer 14

Phase I metabolism

Question 15

1,4-butanediol is a metabolic precursor to:

Answer 15

GHB

Question 16

Bind to locations on an enzyme away from the active site, inducing a conformational change that increases the affinity of the enzyme’s active site(s) for its substrate(s).

Answer 16

Allosteric activators

Question 17

Modify the active site of the enzyme so that substrate binding is reduced or prevented.

Answer 17

Allosteric inhibitors

Question 18

Actions of the drug on the body

Answer 18

Pharmacodynamics

Question 19

Actions of the body on the drug

Answer 19

Pharmacokinetics

Question 20

States that the rate at which a molecule moves through a material is proportional to the concentration gradient between the two ends of the material; and inversely proportional to the thickness of the membrane.

Answer 20

Fick’s Law of Diffusion

Question 21

The metabolism of drugs or chemicals in liver or intestine prior to their reaching the systemic circulation.

Answer 21

First Pass Elimination

Question 22

Refers to the removal of drug from plasma

Answer 22

Clearance

Question 23

What 3 things may influence clearance?

Answer 23

Dose, Organ Blood Flow, Function of Liver or Kidneys

Question 24

The process whereby a drug in the liver is secreted into the bile, stored in the gall bladder, and subsequently released into the small intestine, where the drug can be reabsorbed back into circulation and subsequently returned to the liver.

Answer 24

Enterohepatic Circulation

Question 25

A constant fraction of drug is removed from the blood per unit time

Answer 25

First-order elimination

Question 26

A constant amount of drug is cleared from the blood per unit time

Answer 26

Zero-order elimination