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ABFT Exam Prep 2 > More from notes > Flashcards

More from notes Flashcards

1
Q

Who developed and modified method to extract alkaloids from biologicals?

A

Stas and Otto

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2
Q

What DRE category constricts pupils?

A

Narcotic Analgesics

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3
Q

What is the liquid portion of the blood without cells or clotting factors?

A

Serum

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4
Q

What is the mean ratio of serum/blood?

A

1.16

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5
Q

What are the federal urine drug testing screening cutoffs?

A

6MAM = 10ng/mL
Cocaine metabolites = 150ng/mL
PCP = 25ng/mL
Opiate metabolites = 3000ng/mL
Amphetamines = 500ng/mL
Marijuana metabolites = 50ng/mL

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6
Q

What colored top tube contains EDTA?

A

Purple

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7
Q

What colored tubes have barium in their stoppers?

A

Grey and Red top

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8
Q

These experiments characterize the systematic error in the measurements and address most concerns regarding interferences

A

Accuracy

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9
Q

Russian botanist, generally credited with developing chromatography specifically to separate out the pigments in plants such as chlorophyll by passing a plant extract through a column of finely divided calcium carbonate

A

Tswett

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10
Q

Refers to all the volume in a chromatographic system from the injector to the detector other than the column

A

Dead Volume

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11
Q

What are the 4 general contributions to broadening within chromatographic columns

A
  • longitudinal diffusion
  • eddy diffusion
  • mass transport broadening in the stationary phase
  • mass transport broadening in the mobile phase
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12
Q

What describes the relative interaction of two analytes with the stationary phase?

A

Selectivity

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13
Q

What color test can be used for salicylate?

A

Trinder’s Reagent (purple)

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14
Q

What color does cyantesmo paper turn in presence of cyanide?

A

Blue

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15
Q

An IA assay that allows measurement of labeled antigen without separating bound and free anitgen

A

Homegenous Assay

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16
Q

An IA that requires separation of bound and free antigen before labeled antigen is measured

A

Heterogenous Assay

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17
Q

What does CEDIA stand for?

A

Cloned Enzyme Donor IA

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18
Q

What does KIMS stand for?

A

Kinetic Interaction of Microparticle in Solution

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19
Q

What is another name for TRUE POSITIVE RATE?

A

Sensitivity

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20
Q

What is another name for TRUE NEGATIVE RATE?

A

Specificity

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21
Q

What is the equation for sensitivity?

A

= TP/(TP+FN) *100

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22
Q

What is the equation for specificity?

A

= TN/(TN+FP) *100

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23
Q

actions of the drug on the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

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24
Q

actions of the body on the drug

A

Pharmacokinetics

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25
Q

Half-Life equation

A

T1/2 = 0.693 / Kel

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26
Q

Clearance equation

A

Cl = (Kel)(Vd)

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27
Q

Vd of Hydrophilic Drugs

A

Vd < 1

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28
Q

Vd of Lipophiliic Drugs

A

Vd > 1

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29
Q

the single most important factor determining drug concentrations

A

Clearance

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30
Q

convert the parent drug to a more polar metabolite by introducing or unmasking a functional group

A

Phase I metabolism

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31
Q

What form of ionization favors increasing polarity, MW, and thermal instability?

A

Electrospray

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32
Q

What form of ionization favors lower polarity and molecular weight?

A

APCI or APPI

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33
Q

endogenous opioid peptides that function as neurotransmitters

A

Endophorins

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34
Q

What opioids are Diphenylheptanes?

A

PPX and Methadone

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35
Q

Semisynethic agonist obtained from methylation of morphine

A

Codeine

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36
Q

What drug can screen positive GCMS for norfentanyl?

A

B-hydroxythiofentanyl

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37
Q

What is metabolized to L-methamphetamine and L-amphetamine

A

Selegiline

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38
Q

What ratio is Adderall for Amphetamine D/L?

A

3:1

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39
Q

What color does the Marquis test turn for Amphetamine and Methamphetamine?

A

Orange - red

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40
Q

What are the essential metals?

A

Iron, Copper, Manganese, Zinc

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41
Q

method of chemical analysis that uses the intensity of light emitted from a flame, plasma, arc, or spark at a particular wavelength to determine the quantity of an element in a sample

A

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

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42
Q

From what metal: white lines that appear on the fingernails or toenails

A

Arsenic

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43
Q

Cannabinoid receptor that is mostly central?

A

CB1

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44
Q

Cannabinoid receptor that is peripheral?

A

CB2

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45
Q

What are the 3 types of ligands for CB receptors?

A

Eicosanoids, Phytocannabinoids, Synthetic Cannabinoids

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46
Q

a synthetic delta-9 THC is available for treating nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy

A

Dronabinol (Marinol)

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47
Q

pH for Barb extraction

A

5-7

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48
Q

special class of inhalants that act primarily to dilate blood vessels and relax the muscles

A

nitrites

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49
Q

Drug Schedule “High abuse potential with no accepted medical use; medications within this schedule may not be prescribed, dispensed, or administered”

A

I

50
Q

Drug Schedule “High abuse potential with severe psychological or physical dependence; however, these medications have an accepted medical use and may be prescribed, dispensed, or administered”

A

II

51
Q

Drug Schedule “Intermediate abuse potential (ie, less than Schedule II but more than Schedule IV medications)

A

III

52
Q

comes from peyote cactus

A

Mescaline

53
Q

dissociative anesthetic that structurally similar to PCP

A

ketamine

54
Q

Valproate levels are decreased by what drugs?

A

Carbamazepine, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin

55
Q

decrease in the functional concentration of norepinephrine and dopamine

A

The Catecholamine Hypothesis

56
Q

decrease in the functional concentrations of NE, DA and/or serotonin

A

The Monoamine Hypothesis

57
Q

loss of neurotropic support – decrease in brain derived neurotropic factor

A

The Neurotropic Hypothesis

58
Q

5 Categories of Antidepressants Drugs

A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
TCAs
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Serotonin Norephinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
5_HT2 Receptor Antagonists

59
Q

Antidepressant Category: – rarely used today due to high toxicity and and potentially lethal food and drug interactions

A

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

60
Q

invents the Drunkometer

A

Harger

61
Q

Use in opioid overdose and reversal of respiratory depression associated with opioid use

A

Naloxone

62
Q

Long-acting injectable to treat opioid and/or alcohol maintenance treatment

A

Naltrexone

63
Q

label attached to drug is enzyme glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase that oxidizes the substrate and reduces the cofactor NAD to NADH
- enzyme activity is determined by measuring the NADH produced

A

EMIT

64
Q

Metabolism of Cocaine: 3 Major Pathways

A
  • N-demethylation in the liver to form norcocaine
  • Hydrolyzed to form benzoylecgonine
  • Plasma cholinesterase and other esterases metabolize to form ecgonine methyl ester
65
Q

“Nor…” means…

A

Demethylation

66
Q

Polar drugs tend to preferentially partition into the aqueous or organic solvent?

A

Aqueous

67
Q

Low pKa

A

Strong acid or weak base

68
Q

In a suspected chronic poisoning, the best single specimen for elucidation of heavy metals

A

hair

69
Q

Specimen… can concentrate certain drugs, like benzodiazepines

A

bile

70
Q

Green top tube

A

Lithium heparin

71
Q

Blue top tube

A

Sodium citrate

72
Q

Absorbance is directly proportional to path length of incident light

A

Lambert’s Law

73
Q

Absorbance is directly proportional to concentration

A

Beer’s Law

74
Q

May interfere with ELISA assay

A

sodium azide

75
Q

Barb: Used to relieve intracranial pressure

A

pentobarbital

76
Q

Butabarbital, Amobarbital, Pentobarbital have major ions at

A

141 and 156

77
Q

Opioid receptor that produces central depression, analgesia, miosis, reduced GI motility

A

Mu

78
Q

Opioid receptor that produces spinal analgesia, sedation, miosis, diuresis, mild respiratory depression

A

kappa

79
Q

Opioid receptor that produces spinal analgesia, dysphoria, delusions, hallucinations, respiratory/vasomotor stimulation

A

Delta

80
Q

Steady state of drugs can be increased in what 2 ways?

A

1) Increasing dose and maintaining dosing internal
2) Increasing frequency of the same dosing

81
Q

THC pKa?

A

10.6

82
Q

Who said each 0.02 g/dL rise in BAC doubled risk of an accident?

A

Holcomb

83
Q

In 1971, the Committee on Alcohol and Drug did what?

A

Made a statement that impaired driving performance was BAC greater than or equal to 0.08 g/dL

84
Q

At what concentration should GHB be considered endogenous in a sample?

A

Less than 2 mg/L in blood ; Less than 10 mg/L in urine

85
Q

The drug concentration absorbed relative to the initial dose

A

Bioavailability

86
Q

What is the major binding protein present in blood and plasma?

A

Albumin

87
Q

How many half-lives does it take for oral-drugs to achieve steady state?

A

5-7

88
Q

What are the 6 cytochrome P450 enzymes that metabolize 90% of drugs?

A

CYP- 1A2, 2CP, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4, 3A5

89
Q

What chemical metabolite is responsible for the hangover?

A

Acetaldehyde

90
Q

If an analyte moves readily into the gas phase, the partition coefficient is…?

A

K < 1

91
Q

Why is salt sometimes added?

A

Salt decreases the solubility of polar organic volatiles.

92
Q

What does NHTSA stand for?

A

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

93
Q

Movement of a substance across a membrane that requires energy

A

Active Transport

94
Q

An inactive drug that is activated through metabolism

A

ProDrug

95
Q

Main diuretic action of EtOH is by inhibition of the secretion of antidiuretic hormone

A

Vasopression

96
Q

NCUTLO

A

National Committee on Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances

97
Q

Unstable in PM specimens due to bacterial and thermal degradation

A

Clonazepam

98
Q

Used to reduce agitation in neonates and infants requiring mechanical ventilation

A

Chloral Hydrate

99
Q

The first fully synthetic opioid without a morphine like structure

A

Meperidine

100
Q

The original Opioid Antagonist

A

Nalorphine

101
Q

What are the 5 types of ion sources?

A

Electron Ionization, Chemical Ionization, Fast Atom Bombardment, Electrospray Ionization, Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization

102
Q

What is the partition coefficient calculation?

A

K = Cs/ Cg

103
Q

Bias percent calculation

A

Mean of calculated-Nominal / Norminal

104
Q

2 Categories of Hallucinogens

A

Indolylalkylamines and Phenylalkylamines

105
Q

LSD color test and what color

A

Ehrlich’s and purple

106
Q

Structurally and pharmacologically related to PCP

A

Ketamine

107
Q

Analyte requirements for GCMS analysis

A

– relatively non-polar (may require derivatization)
– volatile
– thermally stable
– low molecular weight (LC can handle much higher MW)

108
Q

Inner ring for Ethanol in Conway Diffusion

A

potassium chromate

109
Q

Color for positive Ethanol in Conway Diffusion

A

Green

110
Q

Liberating agent for Cyanide in Conway Diffusion

A

NaOH

111
Q

Color for positive Cyanide in Conway Diffusion

A

Red

112
Q

technique which incorporates the binding reaction of a target substance (antigen) with an anitbody

A

Immunoassay

113
Q

Hapten + Immunogenic Molecule =

A

Immunogen

114
Q

pKa of weak acids

A

5-9

115
Q

pKa of strong acids

A

1-5

116
Q

pKa of weak bases

A

7.5-10.5

117
Q

3 main components of Electrospray Ionization

A

Nebulizer, Desolvation Assembly, Mesh Electrode or repeller

118
Q

In electrospray ionization, there are 3 important processes that occur in order to transfer sample ions from the HPLC eluent into the gas phase within the MS

A

1) Production of charged droplets at the capillary tip
2) Desolvation of the droplets
3) Production of gas phase ions from small/highly charged droplets

119
Q

What is the name of the structure of synthetic cathinones?

A

β-keto amphetamines

120
Q

What the metabolites of fentanyl?

A

Despropionylfentanyl, Norfentanyl, Hydroxyfentanyl

121
Q

Widmark Equation

A

BAC x weight x Vd

122
Q

Negative signal difference b/t extracted blank matrix, mobile phase, and unextracted standard

A

Ion Suppression

ABFT Exam Prep 2 (20 decks)

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