Quiz1 p2 Flashcards
Controlled substance
drugs that have the potential for abuse or dependence
What are the three criteria upon which the controlled substance schedule is based
What are the proper practices for veterinarians using and dispensing controlled drugs?
What is the statement that must be on a drug label to indicate that the drug is a prescription item
Prescription Drug Legend : “ Caution : Federal law restricts the use of this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian”
What is the VCPR and its importance
Veterinarian/Client/Patient Relationship; the vet assumes responsibility for clinical assessments based on sufficient knowledge about the animal’s health, need for treatment and follow-up care
What is the therapeutic range?
The dosage range or blood plasma or serum cencentration usually expected to achieve the desired therapeutic effect
Why is the therapeutic range important
The goal is to maintain drug concentrations in the body within the therapeutic range; correct dose and dosage procedures produce concentrations within the therapeutic range
What is the equation for the therapeutic index
TI = LD50/ED50 (lethal dose over effective dose)
How can you tell the margin of safety from the therapeutic index
a greater margin of safety is indicated by a large TI
Suppository
conical/ovoid solid or semisolid material inserted into body orifices; melt at body temp
Implant
Tablets/Pastes/Emulsions for SQ insertion; designed for slow absorption
Inhalant
Liquid that may be converted into an aerosol or mist to be used in a vaporizer or nebulizer and inhaled; rapidly absorbed into the blood stream
Liniment
a drug suspended in oily, soapy or alcoholbased substance; applied topically with friction, to relieve pain/counterirritant, may produce heat
Astringent
*** applied to the skin to reduce bleeding from minor abrasions or as a cosmetic to make the skin less oily
Ointment
a drug suspended in a semisolid, greasy preparation that melts at body temp
Lotion
a drug suspended in a liquid; applied by gently dabbing, brushing or dripping on skin without friction
Demulcent
*** a substance that relieves irritation of the mucous membranes in the mouth by forming a protective film
Preservative
*** substances that are added to pharmaceutical products to prevent any kind of physical, chemical or biological changes
Pharmacokinetics
the studyof the absorption, distribution, biotransformation (metabolism), and excretion of drugs
Pharmacodynamics
The study of the mechanisms of action of a drug and its biological and physiological effects
Pharmacotherapeutics
field that examines the treatment of disease with medicine (the response of living organisms to drugs in the presence of disease)
Pharmacognosy
*** the branch of knowledge concerned with medicinal drugs obtained from plants or other natural sources
Glycosides
Anhydrotics
Glucosides
Alkaloids
Analeptics
Enteric coating
drug is covered with a special coating that prevents the drug from dissolving in the stomach
Extra-label use and examples
What federa governement agency is responsible for controlled drug regulation
DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration)
What regulatory agency is responsible for controlled drug regulation
Latin abbrevs
Other Sheet
Suspensions (what are they and why are they special)
Liquid preparations that contain solid drug particles suspended in a suitable medium; Not administered IV (Propofol is the exception)
Enteral vs Parenteral drugs
Enteral - delivers the medicine directly to the animal’s GI tract (specifically sm intestine); Parenteral - delivers the drug by a route other than the GI tract (“excludes the intestine”)
Dose
The amount of drug administered to a patient at one time to achieve the desired effect
Dosage
The amount of drug per body weight of the animal (or other measure such as surface area)
Dosage Interval
How frequently the dosage is given
Dosage Regimen
The dosage interval and dosage together
Loading Dose
The initial dose of a drug given to acheive drug concentration in the therapeutic range
Maintenance Dose
The Dose of drug that keeps drug concentration in the therapeutic range quickly
Total Daily Dose
(ttd) the total amount of drug delivered to the patient in 24 hrs
Compare the 4 common routes of administration by their onset of action
IV - rapid onset, IM relative rapid onset (30 min), SQ - Slower onset/longer duration, IP - variable onset of action, ***
What route of administration finds aseptic technique to be critical
Intraarticular
List the parts of the prescription
List the factors that influence which route of administration
Speed or rapidity of onset, site of action, physical and chemical properties of the drug, potential adverse effects/reactions, dosage form of the drug available, temperament of the patient being treated, abilities of the client
List ways to intervene if drug toxicity develops
Stop or remove the offending drug, enhance drug removal by the animal, counteract or reverse with an antidote if available, provide supportive nursing care
List the items required by the FDA that must be listed on a drug label
Drug names, Drug concentration and quantity, name and address of manufacturer, manufacturer’s control or lot number, expiration date, drug use, possible adverse effect, withdrawal time, control substance status
ED50 vs LD50
ED50- the dose of the test drug that provides a desired effect in 50% of animals tested, LD50 - dose of test drug that kills 50% of animals tested
Volatized vs Nebulized
Volatized - turned into gases, Nebulized - turned into a fine mist
