PharmQ4

Question 1

General indications for use of diuretics

Answer 1

*Removing Inappropriate Amounts of Fluid *
- Edema/Ascites (Free Fluid in Peritoneal Cavity)
- Allergic Reactions
- Congestive Heart Failure
- Liver Disease (Cirrhosis of Liver)
- Cerebral Edema
- Pulmonary Edema

Reduce Intraocular Pressure = Glaucoma

Renal Failure Treatment

Question 2

uses and adverse effects of furosemide for diuretic therapy

Answer 2

USES :
- Rapid Onset
- Extremely Reliable with less loss of Potassium than Thiazide Diuretics
- Parenteral Administration Produces Diuresis Almost Immediately
- Often Used with Heart Mediations to Control Pulmonary Edema and Ascites Associated with CHF
- Used in Early Renal Failure
- Used for Exercise Induced Nosebleed in Horses
EFFECTS :
- Main Side Effects are Electrolyte Imbalances esp. Hypokalemia
- Can be Ototoxic to Cats (Ion Imbalance Changes the Electrolyte Balance in Inner Ear Resulting in Hearing Loss )

Question 3

the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor drugs that are used primarily for treatment of glaucoma.

Answer 3

Dichlorphenaminde (Daranide®)
- Used in the Treatment of Glaucoma
- Inhibits Carbonic Anhydrase Enzyme Involved in the Formation of Aqueous Humor in the Eye
- By Decreasing the Formation of Aqueous Humor Intraocular Pressure is Decreased and the Signs of Glaucoma are Decreased

Question 4

When should a cough be suppressed with an antitussive?

Answer 4

Indicated for Tx of Non-Productive Cough

Dry Hacking Cough with no Mucus

May Occur in Early Stage of Infection or Inflammation

Chronic Inflammation where Mucus Becomes Dry & Sticky
Opioids are Common Examples of Antitussive Meds

Question 5

Dextromethorphan

Question 6

Mucolytic

Question 7

Expectorant

Question 8

acetylcysteine

Question 9

guaifenesin

Question 10

Urinary acidifiers/acidified diets

Question 11

Aldosterone

Question 12

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 13

Mannitol

Answer 14

Allopurinol

Answer 15

Acetazolamide

Answer 16

Phenoxybenzamine

Answer 17

Phenylpropanolamine

Question 18

Potassium sparing urinary drug

Question 19

How the RAA system responds to hypotension as a survival mechanism

Answer 19

The RAA system causes the release of Aldosterone –> kidney conserves sodium and water –> blood pressure maintenance

Question 20

Clinical signs of right vs left sided heart failure

Answer 20

Right - Fluid accumulates in abdomen as ascites
Left - Increase in pulmonary capillary pressure –> pulmonary edema

Question 21

Digoxin/Digitoxin (clinical activity, side effects, toxicity)

Question 22

How ACE inhibitors treat congestive heart failure

Question 23

Common side effects of drugs that cause vasodilation

Question 24

Nitroglycerin (effects, application, precautions)

Question 25

Diltiazem (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats)

Question 26

Butorphanol in VetMed

Question 27

Epinephrine

Question 28

Dopamine

Question 29

Dobutamine

Question 30

Enalapril

Question 31

Pimobendin

Question 32

Lidocaine

Question 33

Tocainide

Question 34

Diltiazem

Question 35

Digoxin/Digitoxin

Question 36

Quinidine/procainamide

Question 37

Propranolol

Question 38

Smooth muscle relaxant vasodilator (indications and side effects)

Question 39

Pimobendan (Vetmedin)