Quiz1 p1 Flashcards
A. S.
= left ear
A. U.
= both ears
a.c.
before meals (ante cibum)
A.D.
= right ear
ad lib
= freely as wanted (ad libitum); As much as desired
Aural
= ear
B.I.D. or bid
= twice a day (bis in die); Does not mean every 12 hours but can be
bol.
= bolus or large pill
č
= with
cap. / caps
= capsule(s)
cc
= cubic centimeter; Same as ml or mL (milliliter)
D
= dominant
div.
= divided
dr
= dram; Equal to 1/8 ounce or 4 ml
g or gm
= gram
gr
= grain; Unit of weight, approximately 65 mg; Unit of weight, approximately 65 mg
gtt
= drop (gutta)
gtts
= drops (guttae)
M.
= mix
mcg or µg
= microgram; 1 millionth of a gram or 1/1000 of a mg
mg
= milligram
n.r.
= not to be repeated
NPO or npo
= nothing by mouth (non per os)
O.D.
= right eye
O.S.
= left eye
O.U.
= both eyes
OTC
= over the counter
oz
= ounce
p.c. / pc
after meals (post cibum)
P.O. / po
orally / by mouth (per os)
p.r.n. / prn
as needed (pro re nata)
p.v. / pwd.
powder
ppm
parts per million
q.
every
q.d. / qd
every day
q.h. / qh
every hour
Q.I.D. / qid
4 times daily ; Also an exception to the “q” meaning “every”
q.o.d. / qod / eod
every other day
q.s. / qs
a sufficient quantity
q12h
every 12 hours
q4h
every 4 hours
q6h
every 6 hours
q8h
every 8 hours
S
= sinister
S.I.D. / sid / qd
once a day; This abbreviation is exclusive to veterinary medicine and therefore the abbreviation “q.d.” should be used when prescriptions are to be filled by a human pharmacy!
Sig.
let it be written as ; Used when writing prescriptions/instructions and is the directions for use of the drug
sol. / soln / sol’n
solution
stat.
immediately
T
tablet / temperature
T.I.D. / tid
three times daily (ter in die)
tab. / tab / tabs
tablet / tablets
tbsp.
tablespoon
tsp.
teaspoon
U =
universal, both
ung.
ointment
Ut dict.
as directed
Materia Medica
a historical Latin term for the body of knowledge about the therapeutic properties of substances used for healing; was eventually replaced in medical texts by “Pharmacology”
Name ways drugs are synthesized
Synthetically (chemical reactions in a lab), plants, animals (insulin), Bacteria/mold or mineral sources
Pharmaco
drug, medicine
Pharmacotherapy
treatment of disease with medicine
Pharmacotherapeutics
field that examines the treatment of disease with medicine
Pharmacokinetics
the study of the absorption, distribution, biotransformation (metabolism) and excretion of drugs
Pharmacodynamics
the study of the mechanisms of action of a drug and its biological and physiological effects; study of a healthy animal;s response to drugs to determine the effects on the systems of the body
Food and Drug Administration
established by the federal Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906; established standard for drug strength/purity and guidlines for drug labeling (with little power to determine and enforce correct dosage information)
Food, drug and cosmetic Act of 1938
required that a drug be adequately tested for safety when used as labeled, and was further amended in 1972 to include more protections
CVM
(FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine), makes certain that approved drugs will not harm animals or at least the benefits outweigh adverse effects
New Animal Drugs
an amendment to Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938; requires manufacturers to demonstrate safety and efficacy (must provide reliable method to detect drug residues and acceptable drug withdrawal period for food animals
Prescription Drugs
Regulated by the FDA; limited to use under the supervison of a veterinarian, physician, or dentist due to potential danger, toxicity, difficulty with administration or other concerns
