Quiz Yourself Exam 1 Flashcards
Researchers based at a southwestern college want to examine the impact of room lighting on test performance among their students. They predict that college students who take an exam in a brightly-lit room would perform better than those who take the same exam in a dimly-lit room. At which step of the scientific method are the researchers?
A. Reporting the results
B. Selecting a topic
C. Developing a hypothesis
D. Analyzing the data
C. Developing a hypothesis
During a presentation in their developmental psychology class, a group of college students posed the question to their classmates, “What is another name for the nature versus nurture debate?” What would be the best response from their
classmates?
A. learning versus experience
B. experience versus environment
C. heredity versus environment
D. heredity versus genetics
C. heredity versus environment
Replication is important in scientific research because it:
A. satisfies curiosity.
B. provides additional evidence using a different population.
C. always refutes prior studies.
D. assists in the development of a hypothesis.
B. provides additional evidence using a different population.
Karina and Fabian immigrated for college. When discussing their background with their new classmates, they stated that they did not identify solely as Black. This is MOST likely because:
A. their national identity is much more powerful than any other identity.
B. race should be based on physical characteristics.
C. ethnicity and race are the same.
D. race is a social construct that has been misleadingly based on outward appearance.
D. race is a social construct that has been misleadingly based on outward appearance.
Plasticity highlights the fact that a person’s:
A. basic traits remain the same over time.
B. traits are set in childhood by genes.
C. potential is evident at birth.
D. traits can change over time.
D. traits can change over time.
After reading a baby name book, Marie and Cameron, a couple, noted that certain names were common when they were born. The phenomenon of having common names given to newborns in a specific decade demonstrates a(n)
_ effect.
A. dynamic system
B. macrosystem
C. SES
D. Cohort
D. Cohort
Everett wants his children, Charlie and Mary, to start helping their mother do the laundry. He has researched various methods to encourage the children. According to social learning theory, the father should:
A. explain to his children that their mother needs their help
B. help out with the laundry himself.
C. tell his children they cannot ride their bikes unless they help
D. promise to buy the children a present if they help.
B. help out with the laundry himself.
Evolutionary theory attempts to explain all of these EXCEPT:
A. emerging adults’ sexual passions.
B. adolescent rebellion.
C. brain stimulation that promotes intellectual growth.
D. parents’ investments in children.
C. brain stimulation that promotes intellectual growth.
Which research method would BEST address the question of what causes a given behavior?
A. scientific observation
B. a case study
C. a survey
D. an experiment
D. an experiment
Which of these is TRUE of scientific observation?
A. It must take place in a laboratory setting.
B. It involves observing and recording behavior in a natural setting.
C. It requires a large number of participants.
D. It requires specialized equipment such as video recorders.
B. It involves observing and recording behavior in a natural setting.
In a study of the effects of noise on test performance, test performance would be the:
A. independent variable.
B. experimental variable.
C. dependent variable.
D. unknown variable.
C. dependent variable.
As we age, we tend to sleep fewer hours. This relationship is an example of:
A. a positive correlation.
B. a negative correlation.
C. a qualitative study.
D. a longitudinal study.
B. a negative correlation.
Professor Dolores and Professor Mikhail are a part of a research team at a small private college. They are interviewing female college students about their experiences with and opinions about the “college party culture.” They ask open-ended questions of their participants. What type of research are the professors conducting?
A. quantitative
B. correlational
C. experimental
D. qualitative
D. qualitative
What is the first step of the scientific method?
A. draw conclusions
B. develop a hypothesis
C. pose a question
D. test the hypothesis
pose a question
Which step of the scientific method involves making a specific prediction?
A. drawing conclusions
B. developing a hypothesis
C. posing a question
D. testing the hypothesis
B. developing a hypothesis
Mary and Ryo have been friends since they attended the same high school. They have an age difference of three years.
Mary stated that they are not of the same generation. What classification fits them as a group of people born within a few years of one another?
A. Race
B. Culture
C. Cohort
D. Case study
C. Cohort
During an economics class, the high school students were given a presentation from their local bank about gaining and maintaining financial independence. The bankers informed the students that socioeconomic status is determined by all of these EXCEPT:
A. Year of birth
B. Residence
C. Occupation
D. Income
A. Year of birth
Two opposing theories that dominated psychology in the first half of the twentieth century are
A. psychoanalytic and behaviorism.
B. humanism and cognitive.
C. psychoanalytic and evolutionary.
D. behaviorism and cognitive.
A. psychoanalytic and behaviorism
A group of cancer patients are given an experimental treatment. Which of these is the independent variable?
A. The experiment lacks an independent variable.
B. The experimental treatment
C. The patients’ lifestyles
D. The cancer
B. The experimental treatment
According to the text, what is one of the main problems with using surveys as a research method?
A. Over time, participants may withdraw.
B. The sample size is small.
C. People are influenced by how questions are asked.
D. The method is very time-consuming.
C. People are influenced by how questions are asked.
A statistical tool used to synthesize the results of previous, separate studies is called a(n):
A. meta-analysis.
B. cross-sequential study.
C. experiment.
D. survey.
A. meta-analysis.
The crucial ethical concern that must begin all developmental studies is that:
A. the data must be expressed numerically and, therefore, objectively
B. it must be hard to replicate and make specific to a certain population.
C. it must address collaboration, replication, and transparency of the study.
D. it must involve a very large number of participants.
C. it must address collaboration, replication, and transparency of the study.
As we age, we tend to sleep fewer hours. This relationship is an example of:
A. a positive correlation.
B. a longitudinal study.
C. a qualitative study.
D. a negative correlation.
D. a negative correlation.
For a class project, a group of college seniors were tasked with giving a presentation on ethical research. They presented different scenarios to the class. Which scenario would be considered unethical research behavior?
A. halting the study if potential harm is suspected
B. offering a modest incentive to participate
C. reporting results to participants
D. changing the data to support the hypothesis
D. changing the data to support the hypothesis
Members of an ethnic group almost always share ancestral ____ and often have the same national origin, religion, and language
A. Heritage
B. Values
C. Social construction
D. Ethnicity
A. Heritage
Corrin and Michael visited a fertility specialist clinic after having difficulty getting pregnant. Although they are in their mid-20s, they have unexplained infertility. They were given extensive information on fertility, where they learned from their doctor that when a sperm cell and an ovum fuse, a _____
is formed.
A. reproductive cell
B. gamete
C. zygote
D. phenotype
C. zygote
Baby jasper weight 5 pounds 1 ounce at birth. Jasper would have been considered
A. low birthweight (LBW).
B. extremely low birthweight (ELBW).
C. small for gestational size (SGA).
D. very low birthweight (VLBW).
A. low birthweight (LBW).
Julia and Brande are 24- and 28-year-old expectant parents wanting to learn all they can about fetal growth since this is their first child. Julia is currently 38 weeks pregnant. At an appointment with their OBGYN, Dr. Beischel, they ask about the current brain development of their baby. What could Dr. Beischel tell them?
A. The central nervous system is forming.
B. Brain activity is just beginning.
C. All parts of the brain are formed.
D. The various sections of the brain can, for the first time, be recognized.
C. All parts of the brain are formed.
A person with three copies of chromosome 21 has:
A. fragile X syndrome.
B. Prader-Willi syndrome.
C. Down syndrome.
D. Klinefelter syndrome.
C. Down syndrome.
The expression of a phenotype is affected for chromosomal conditions for all of these EXCEPT when:
A. multiple additive genes combine to cause a problem.
B. the inherited gene is dominant.
C. a zygote receives the same recessive gene from both parents.
D. a zygote receives a recessive gene from one parent.
D. a zygote receives a recessive gene from one parent.
Dr. Marguisitu and Dr. Steven have decided that they wanted to have a holistic OBGYN practice and are going to employ not only physicians but also doulas. What is the purpose of the doula in their new practice?
A. helps with the birth process
B. counsels women who have postpartum depression
C. helps families who are pregnant for the first time
D. helps couples with infertility problems
A. helps with the birth process
Alana and Kai are in their mid-30s and expecting their third child. Alana and Kai have decided to travel from their home with their children. While preparing for a trip, Alana starts to feel contractions. In a panic, Kai worries they will not make it to the hospital in time. About how long can Alana expect active labor to last?
A. 12 hours
B. 5 hours
C. 14 hours
D. 7 hours
D. 7 hours
Unlike the other 22 pairs of chromosomes, the chromosomes at the ____ can be either XX or XY
A. 21st pair
B. 23rd pair
C. 19th pair
D. 17th pair
B. 23rd pair
It is important to recognize that the expression of genes can changed based on a lifetime of experience. Therefore, based on this premise, which of these would account for changes in genetic expression over the course of a lifetime?
A. polygenetic traits
B. multiple alleles
C. environmental variables
D. phenotype factors
C. environmental variables
Because of hormones, parts of the ______ are larger in female fetuses than male fetuses
A. brainstem
B. amygdala
C. spinal column
D. hippocampus
D. hippocampus
The term stillborn refers to fetuses that are miscarried:
A. at any time in the pregnancy.
B. after 38 weeks.
C. after their due date.
D. after 22 weeks.
D. after 22 weeks.