Quiz review Flashcards
Griffith- 1928
proved bacteria was capable of transferring gen. info
mouse experiment with pathogenic bacteria
Hershey and Chase- 1952
experimented with bacteriophages and discovered that DNA (not protein) is injected into host cells
Franklin and Gosling
photo 51 - X ray crystallography revealed double helix structure of DNA
Watson and Crick- 1953
Model of DNA, base-pariing, double helix; won nobel prize
Wilkins
studied franklin’s photo 51
phosphate
circle shape- links sugars together
sugar
hexagon shape- either ribose/deoxyribose
Nitrogenous bases
rectangle shape- adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, uracil
purine has ___ ring(s)
double
pyrimidine has __ ring(s)
single
what bases are pyrimidines?
cytosine, thymine, uracil
what bases are purines?
adenine, guanine
Does a purine always bond with a pyrimidine?
yes
Chargaff’s rules
A-T and G-C
RNA polymerase
connect complementary RNA bases to DNA
can dna polymerase start a chain by itself?
no - dna polymerase can only add nucleotides to an existing DNA chain with the help of primers
Ligase
joins okazaki fragments
okazaki fragments
short sections of DNA
helicase
untwists double helix to open strands at replication forks
rRNA
makes up a ribosome
where does transcription happen and what does it do?
nucleus
DNA –> mRNA
where does translation happen and what does it do?
ribosome in cytoplasm
mRNA –> tRNA –> aa’s
protein synth
assembling of polypeptide chain
hydrogen vs covalent bonds
Keep bases together vs. keep sugars and phosphates together
Covalent bonds are much stronger than hydrogen bonds bc hydrogen bonds need to be seperated during DNA replication
what part of DNA gives it the negative charge?
sugar-phosphate backbone
process of transcription/translation
initiation, elongation, termination
Avery
proved that DNA (not proteins) carried gen info
DNA replication…
ensures that all body cells carry the same gen info
Anticodons
are carried on tRNA and can recognize corresponding codons and bind to them so they can release the aa
