cell structure/function Flashcards
final review
Ribosomes
make proteins
located in cytoplasm/RER
made in nucleolus
nucleus
double-membraned storage for DNA
plasma memrane
semi-permeable membrane that protects cell
what is the plasma membrane made of?
phospholipid bilayer
phospholipid parts
head- hydrophilic
tail- hydrophobic
hydrocarbon
main energy source of the world
cell wall
ONLY IN PLANTS; protects/mantains cell shape
what is cell wall made of?
cellulose
RER
packages products into vesicles and dispatches them
produces protein
SER
makes lipids; detoxifies drugs
Examples of lipids
steroids, phospholipids
Golgi apparatus
modifies, packages, and distributes products (many do exocytosis)
lysosomes
sacs with digestive enzymes that fuses with harmful objects to break it down
vacuole
storage of materials
central vacuole
only in plants
pumps out excess water, store nutrients, helps growth, contains pigments/poisons
chloroplasts
PHOTOSYNTHETIC organelles only in plant cells
contains chlorophyll
stroma
fluid within chloroplast cavity
grana
stacks of thylakoids; trap sun’s energy
thylakoid
disc making up stacks; contains chlorophyll
mitochondria
double membraned organelle that performs Cellular Respiration
cristae
inner foldings of mitochondria
endomembrane system organelles are…
nucleus, plasma membrane, ER, vesicles, golgi, lysosomes
organelles that are double membraned and have their own DNA
nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts
flagella
singular; propel cells
only on one human cell- sperm
cilia
shorter + numerous cell propellers
centrosomes
create mitotic spindle
Prokaryotes make up…
bacteria, archaea
eukaryotes make up…
protists, plants, animals, fungi
do prokaryotes have a nucleus?
no- they have a nucleoid that contains chromatin
Do eukaryotes or prokaryotes has membrane-bound organelles?
eukaryotes
what do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?
chloroplasts, cell wall, square shape, central vacuole
what do animal cells have that plant cells don’t?
centrosomes, lysosomes, round shape
