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Biology 1130 > Quiz recap > Flashcards

Quiz recap Flashcards

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1
Q

During signal transduction involving G protein and cAMP, what do protein kinases add to target proteins?

A

Phosphate groups

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2
Q

Which is a major group of enzyme-linked receptors

A

Tyrosine kinases

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3
Q

Many intracellular receptors are transcription factors; when activated, they activate or repress specific _____.

A

genes

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4
Q

Every type of chemical bond contains a certain amount of energy. The total bond energy, which is essentially equivalent to the total potential energy of the system, is a quantity known as

A

enthalpy

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5
Q

A glucose molecule that is metabolized via aerobic respiration has been completely broken down and released as CO2 by the end of:

A

the citric acid cycle

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6
Q

Which is the energy source that drives the Calvin cycle?

A

ATP and NADH

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7
Q

What is the first step in the Calvin cycle?

A

CO2 attaches to RuBP.

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8
Q

Which list correctly orders soil particles in increasing diameter?

A

Clay, silt, sand

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9
Q

Which is the correct horizontal pathway of water from the soil to the center of the root?

A

root hair → epidermis → cortex → endodermis → pericycle → xylem

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10
Q

At the center of an herbaceous eudicot stem is:

A

pith

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11
Q

Vascular cambium gives rise to which of the following tissues?

A

secondary xylem

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12
Q

Epidermal cells secrete a ____ to reduce water loss

A

cuticle

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13
Q

A tissue is a group of ____.

A

closely associated, similar cells

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14
Q

True or false: A neuron is made up of an axon and a glial cell.

A

False

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15
Q

Most chemical digestion occurs in the:

A

duodenum

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16
Q

How are amino acids absorbed by the small intestine?

A

Active transport

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17
Q

Bile is produced in the ____ and stored in the ____.

A

liver, gallbladder

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18
Q

The resting potential of a neuron results from a:

A

negative cytosolic charge relative to the extracellular fluid.

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19
Q

What event begins the process of repolarization following an action potential?

A

Na+ channel inactivation gates close.

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20
Q

What is the function of the somatic division of the peripheral nervous system?

A

It helps the body respond to changes in the external environment.

21
Q

How does gravity detection in humans work?

A

Otoliths are pulled down by gravity onto stereocilia, stimulating nerve impulses.

22
Q

An individual born without Pacinian corpuscles will not

A

sense surface vibrations easily.

23
Q

Insulin is produced by the:

A

beta cells of the islets of Langerhans.

24
Q

During stressful situations, epinephrine initiates:

A

the dilation of the blood vessels to the brain.

25
Q

What is the largest group of hormones?

A

Peptide hormones

26
Q

Hormones are synthesized from cholesterol are part of the ____ group of hormones

A

steroid hormone

27
Q

Bone cells called ____ continually remodel bone.

A

osteoblasts

28
Q

Large, multinucleate cells that break down bone are called:

A

osteoclasts

29
Q

Troponin and tropomyosin regulate:

A

actin and myosin interactions

30
Q

What is the correct order of events that occur during muscle contraction?

A

Acetylcholine is released, t-tubules are depolarized, calcium binds to troponin, ATP molecule is split, filaments slide, muscle shortens

31
Q

The percent oxygen saturation of hemoglobin is highest in the:

A

pulmonary capillaries where oxygen concentration is highest. .

32
Q

Which of the following areas of the respiratory tract is lined with a single layer of epithelial cells?

A

Alveoli

33
Q

When drinking water at a party you sneeze and water comes out of your nose. Why did this happen?

A

The pharynx and nasal cavity were connected.

34
Q

Which of the following structures is considered to be the pacemaker of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial node

35
Q

Blood pressure depends on:

A

blood flow and resistance of blood against the vessel walls.

36
Q

Osmoconformers would most likely be found in:

A

open ocean waters

37
Q

Trace the flow of urine through the 5 major structures

A

Renal papilla, renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra

38
Q

Secretion in the nephron occurs primarily where?

A

In the distal convoluted tubule

39
Q

What is the function of antidiuretic hormone?

A

It increases the permeability of the collecting ducts to water so more is reabsorbed.

40
Q

The basis of the immune system is:

A

distinguishing between the self and the nonself

41
Q

What is considered a component of adaptive immunity?

A

An antibody

42
Q

Before a pathogen can be destroyed in the antibody-mediated process, a T helper cell must recognize a(n) ____ on the surface of a macrophage.

A

antigen-MHC complex

43
Q

____ are responsible for cell mediated immunity.

A

T-lymphocytes

44
Q

The main antigen presenting cells of the body are:

A

macrophages, B cells, and dendritic cells

45
Q

The principle of nuclear equivalence states that:

A

there is no loss of genetic information through determination or differentiation

46
Q

The fast block to polyspermy involves the:

A

opening of ion channels that change the polarity of the egg membrane

47
Q

Following cleavage of the zygote, which of the following is the first to occur?

A

Morula

48
Q

Which structure is the most immediate precursor of the brain?

A

Neural tube

49
Q

A human embryo is capable of movement and has gonads that are distinguishable as either testes or ovaries by the end of the:

A

first trimester

Biology 1130 (12 decks)

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