quiz questions! Flashcards
the 3 sub disciplines of motor behaviour are what?
motor learning, motor control and motor development
what type of brain imaging device gives good temporal resolution of brain activity
EEG
tackling in football would be classified where on the fine to gross motor skill continuum
gross
dribbling in basketball would be considered where on the gross to fine motor skill continuum
gross, with some fine
the triple jump is an example of what type of skill when considering how the movement is organized
closed environment, serial, mostly gross
riding a bike on a BMX track would be considered what type of motor skill on the closed to open motor skill continuum?
open with some closed
what is the name of the interval between a warning signal and the imperative go stimulus
foreperiod
what equipment is needed to measure premotor RT
EMG
true or false: peak velocity is a kinematic measure which corresponds to a peak speed, such that is also occurs when acceleration transitions to deceleration
true
constant error is best defined as a measure of
bias
what stage is missing or different when going from SRT to a go/nogo task?
discrimination
true or false: a change in the rules for false starts in competitive races in 2014 meant that only one person in the race was allowed to false start. rt in this situation would increase as compared to pre 2014
true
true or false: incorrect anticipation can result in an increased processing delay because more processing activities have to take place
true
true or false: predicting the type of shot an opponent is about to take during a basketball game is an example of spatial anticipation
true
according to Hick’s law, RT increases at a constant amount every time the number of S-R alternatives is….
doubled
reaction time ____ as the intensity of the stimulus _____
decreases; increases
on my computer, the push button volume control at the top of the screen requires me to push left to make the volume go up. in terms of spatial-compatibility, this might be considered a violation of what
population stereotypes
true or false: the variability of the fore-period in a RT situation affects spatial anticipation
false. it is related to temporal anticipation
information stored in this memory is thought to be very abstract
long term memory
in a choice reaction time experiment, 3 tasks were completed as below:
A: 2 stimuli, 2 responses
B: 4 stimuli, 4 responses
C: 8 stimuli, 8 responses
the following equation was derived following hick’s law: CRT = 400 + 200(log2(N))
What is the CRT for condition C?
1000
true or false: reacting to a fake leading to a delay in response can be caused by both error in response selection as well as delays in response programming
true
what is the grouping effect in PRP
it is the effect that two closely spaced stimuli (SOA shorter than 50ms) get reacted to as if they were the same stimulus
true or false: when you intentionally attend, you engage in controlled processing
true
early attention theorists proposed that attention caused a block during the ______ stage of information processing, later refined as a leaky filter
stimulus identification
which is not a characteristic of controlled information processing: intentional, slow, attention demanding, volitional, parallel processing
parallel processing
in the soccer ball dribbling example given in class, there was evidence of interference in the primary task. participations were asked to monitor tones or words and report the target word or foot side closes to the pylon. which result below accurately describes the results of this study
experts showed less capacity interference than novices when the secondary task was not relevant to soccer dribbling
what effect was provided as evidence of an attention block at the stimulus identification stage
change blindness
holding and drinking from canned soda through a straw can interfere with driving. what type of interference is this?
structural
what types of motor skills best describe closed loop control
continuous, fine and open skill
true or false: the estimated minimum time to process visual information is roughly 200 ms
FALSE - it is like 100 ms
exteroception provides information to the processing system about _____
the environment
the M1 feedback loop is at a low level in the motor system and does not involve which of these: stereotyped response, spinal cord feedback, involuntary control, rapid responses, voluntary control
voluntary control
which of the following does not provide proprioceptive information to be performed: optical flow, joint receptors, muscle spindles, vestibular apparatus, golgi tendon organs
optical flow
visual information, useful for object identification and control of movement in the visual environment, travels from the retina to which part of the brain
primary visual cortex
the dorsal stream is also known as the where stream
true
consider the moving room experiment. what postural response would you expect from a toddler if the walls moved towards them?
they would fall backwards
what result in the movement blocking paradigm helps to support the existence of motor programs
when blocked, the EMG pattern of the antagonist muscle does not change
the novelty problem is resolved by what?
parameters
what feature of the generalized motor program by throwing a free throw would need to be tuned or scaled to allow a shot from a closer distance
absolute force
experimenters have shown that RT can be affected by characteristics of the to be performed movement that influence the complexity and duration of the ____ stage
response programming
_____ theory suggests that there is a stored pattern of movement instead of a specific movement. it allows flexibility in modifying the program to produce various patterns to meet the demands of the task
GMP
true or false: schemas show the relation between outcomes and invariant features
false - they show the relation between outcomes and parameters
evidence for motor programs includes all of the following except: tracking tasks, EMG, deafferentation, start-react effect, RT studies
tracking tasks
which of the following is not one of the major roles of open loop organization in motor programs: program postural adjustments in prep for action, organize degrees of freedom into a single unit, modulate reflex pathways, engaged in response selection before initiation
none! they are all part of open loop organization
fitts law states that the ____ is linearly related to the index of difficulty
movement time
effect target width is a measure of
the standard deviation of a person’s outcome (accuracy)
the relation that exists between ______ and force requirements is non linear, meaning that there are gradual increases/decreases in the variable as force increases
accuracy
shmidt’s law is best described as open loop control whereas fitts law is best described as closed and open loop control
true. schmidts= open loop
it is useful to define learning in terms of the gain in underlying ____ for skilled performance developed during practice
capability
one major limitation in the usefulness of performance curves is that they:
do not measure relatively permanent changes
there are four factors to do with measurement that can influence the shape of performance curves, which is not a factor: ceiling/floor effects, between subject variability, within person variability, scoring sensitivity, transfer testing
transfer testing
relative measures of retention are not always the best measures because they are confounded still by temporary factors that impact short term performance. true or false
true
which of the following is not a hypothesis/theory as to why massed practice might impair learning compared to distributed practice: schema theory, cognitive effort hypothesis, memory consolidation, fatigue hypothesis
schema theory
which practice condition effect best describes this statement “what is most effective for learning may not be the most efficient”
distribution of practice
in relation to practice variability and the reasons for its retention and transfer benefits, what is the specific name of the relationship between sensory consequences and outcomes
recognition schema
think back to the idea of an especial skill as an exception to what might be predicted based on theory. what type of practice likely brought about the especial effect
constant practice
true or false: the variability of practice and contextual interference are both similar in that slower rates of acquisition are associated with better performance in retention tests
true
if the learner is trying to master a task that is high in complexity, low in task interactions and is a serial skill, what type of practice method should they adopt?
part
passive guidance can be considered a type of part practice - what technique would it be
simplification
true or false: the optimal challenge point is the point when performance in practice is maximized
false. it is the point in practice when learning is maximized
____ is feedback provided after a series of practice attempts
summary feedback
there is no such thing as too much information when it comes to receiving feedback. true or false
false.
_____ of feedback is the percentage of trials receiving feedback during a practice session
relative frequency
true or false: trials during practice in which the learner is not provided feedback help motor learning. true or false
true
carrie discussed a study involving monkeys where neurons in the brain were activated both when they reached for food and when they saw someone else reach for the food. what is the name of the system that is meant to respond to both seeing and doing
mirror neuron
in reference to the lecture on demonstrations, knowledge of what the tasks should look, sound and or feel like requires the development of a reference of ______
correctness
in order to aid problem solving related skill when engaging in observation practice, it is best to watch an expert model. true or false
false - there are benefits to watching a novice, like seeing their mistakes and being more engaged in their problem solving
