quiz questions Flashcards
If a hamster is kept in a laboratory and receives no information about changes in day length or temperature (i.e. housed in constant dark), its rhythms will eventually _______, with a daily cycle that lasts a bit longer than 24 hours.
become free-running
The external cue that animals use to discern the time of day is called a
zeitgeber
If SCN neurons are transplanted from animal A to animal B, and animal B previously had its SCN lesioned, animal B’s rhythmicity will
match animal A’s rhythm
Slow, large-amplitude waves are seen in the EEG records of people who are in _______ sleep.
stage 3
Flaccidity in the large muscles of the body is associated most commonly with _______ sleep.
REM
Experimental evidence suggests that the biological role of SWS and REM sleep may be related to the
consolidation of perceptual learning
Electrical stimulation of the reticular formation leads to immediate
awakening
in humans, somnambulism usually occurs during ______ sleep
Stage 3
It has been speculated that sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) may be a consequence of a form of
sleep apnea
the receptors that detect drops in extracellular volume are located in the..
vascular system
the hormone _____ is generated in the kidney via a cascade of enzymatic actions in response to hypovolemia
angiotensin ll
the response to increase in the salt concentration of the extracellular solution is called ______ thirst
osmotic
which pancreatic hormone promotes the conversion of glycogen to glucose
glucagon
an excess of glucose in urine is symptomatic of
diabetes mellitus
research on the effects of leptin indicates that activation of POMC neurons in the hypothalamus
suppresses hunger
the population of beneficial bacteria, fungi, and viruses that inhabit the large intestine of human beings is referred to as a
microbiome
the ______ muscles are essential for accommodation
ciliary
In the scotopic system, the relationship between the number of visual receptor cells and the number of ganglion cells demonstrates a _______ of information.
convergence
the optic disc is the
area of the retina through which the axons of the ganglion cells exit
which pathway accurately describes the route for the passage of visual information to the brain
optic nerve, optic tract, optic radiations
In _______ cells, light falling in the center of the cell causes excitation, and light falling in the surround causes inhibition.
on-center/off-surround
simple cortical visual cells are most likely to be activated by
bars of particular width, orientation, and locations in the visual field
damage to cortical are V5 results in an inability to perceive
motion
the ____ hypothesis proposed that there are separate receptors the retina sensitive to blue, green, and red
trichromatic
the ventral stream system of visual processing is said to specialize in processing information about
“what”
the most common age-related cause of vision loss is
macular degeneration
