chapter 11: emotions, aggression, and stress Flashcards
emotion
subjective mental state that is usually accompanied by distinctive cognition, behaviors, and physiological changes
autonomic nervous system includes
sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
fight or flight
parasympathetic nervous system
prepares body to relax and recuperate
polygraph
measures several bodily responses, such as heart rate and blood pressure
8 basic emotions
-joy/sadness
-affection/disgust
-anger/fear
-expectation/surprise
brain self-stimulation
process in which animals will work to provide electrical stimulation to particular brain sites, presumably because the experience is very rewarding
medial forebrain bundle
collection of axons traveling in the midline region of the forebrain
nucleus accumbens
region of the forebrain that receives dopaminergic innervation from the ventral tegmental are, often associated with reward and pleasurable sensations
decorticate rage
(shame rage) sudden intense rage characterized by actions (such as snarling and biting in dogs) that lack clear direction
limbic system
implicated in emotions: includes hypothalamus, anterior thalamus, cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and the fornix
kluver-bucy syndrome
a condition, brought about by bilateral amygdala damage, that is characterized by dramatic emotional changes including reduction in fear and anxiety
aggression
behavior that is intended to cause pain or harm (whether physical or emotional) to others, either individually or in groups
intermale aggression
aggression between males of the same species
testasterone
hormone in men that correlates with an increase of aggression
medial amygdala
analyzes olfactory and pheromonal information, allowing males to distinguish between rivals and females to be courted
ventromedial hypothalamus
serves as a trigger to activate aggressive behavior
maternal aggression
aggression in mothers who are caring for their young
psychopath
often intelligent individuals with superficial charm who have poor self-control, a grandiose sense of self worth, and little or no feelings of remorse
stress
any circumstance that upsets homeostatic balance
james-lange theory
autonomic reaction triggers feelings
cannon bard theory
simultaneous autonomic reaction and feeling
facial feedback hypothesis
suggests that sensory feedback from our facial expression can affects our mood
resilience
process of adapting well in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, threats or significant sources of stress
allostasis
adaptive processes that maintain homeostasis
allostatic load
the cumulative burden of adaptations that result when the involved systems fail to shut off after stressor has subsided or when these systems do not respond adequately
adrenal medulla
inner core of the adrenal gland secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
epinephrine
(adrenaline) both a hormone and synaptic transmitter
norepinephrine
neurotransmitter active in both the brain and in the sympathetic nervous system
adrenal cortex
steroid-secreting outer rind of the adrenal gland
adrenal corticosteroid hormones
a steroid hormone that is secreted by the adrenal cortex
cortisol
a glucocorticoid stress hormone of the adrenal cortex (ready body for action)
stress immunization
little stress in early life makes you more resilient to later stress
epigenetic regulation
represents a change in the expression of the gene, rather than a change in the encoding region of the gene
psychosomatic medicine
studies the distinctive psychological, behavioral, and social factors that influence individual susceptibility or resistance to diverse illnesses
health psychology
emphasizes the role of social factors in the cause, progression, and consequences of health and illness
psychoneuroimmunology
the study of the immune system and its interaction with the nervous system and behavior
