Quiz One Semester Two

Question 1

what is speciation?

Answer 1

the formation of new species

Question 2

what must happen for speciation to occur?

Answer 2

The gene pools of two populations must become separated/reproductive isolation must occur

Question 3

In what ways can reproductive isolation develop?

Answer 3

behavioral isolation, geographic isolation, temporal isolation

Question 4

behavioral isolation

Answer 4

occurs when populations have different courtship rituals or other behaviors involved in reproduction.

Question 5

geographic isolation

Answer 5

Occurs when geographic barriers such as mountains or rivers separate populations

Question 6

temporal isolation

Answer 6

occurs when populations reproduce at different times

Question 7

struggle for existence (how does it relate to Darwin?)

Answer 7

More individuals are born than can survive, and organisms must compete for resources, food, and mates

Question 8

Variation (how does it relate to Darwin?)

Answer 8

Natural variety of traits among organisms. Necessary for natural selection to occur.

Question 9

Artificial Selection

Answer 9

Selective breeding by humans of plants or animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring

Question 10

Natural Selection (how does it relate to Darwin?)

Answer 10

• Process by which organisms that are most suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also known as survival of the fittest
• Natural selection occurs in any situation in which more individuals are born than can survive, and there is natural variation and varying fitness among individuals.

Question 11

Biogeography (how does it relate to Darwin?)

Answer 11

• Study of the past and present distribution of organisms

* Patterns in the distribution of living and fossil species tell us how modern organisms evolved from their ancestors

Question 12

Hutton (how does it relate to Darwin?)

Answer 12

• Hutton recognized the connections between geologic processes and geologic features like mountains, valleys, or layers of rock that appear to be folded
• Introduced a concept called deep time that our planet’s history stretches back over a very long period of time

Question 13

Lyell (how does it relate to Darwin?)

Answer 13

• Argued that the laws of nature are constant over time and that processes that occurred in the past can be explained by events that occur in the present
• Also believed in deep time

Question 14

Malthus (how does it relate to Darwin?)

Answer 14

• Reasoned that if the human population grew unchecked, that there wouldn’t be enough living space and food for everyone
• This influenced Darwin’s thoughts about how and why species evolved over time

Question 15

Divergent Evolution

Answer 15

This type of evolution begins with a common ancestor. Organisms evolve characteristics all based on the same ancestor, but they adapt traits into different forms or variations

Question 16

Homologous characteristics

Answer 16

structures that are similar in different species of common ancestry

Question 17

Convergent Evolution

Answer 17

Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments

Question 18

Analogous structures:

Answer 18

body parts that share a common function, but not structure

Question 19

Comparative embryology/molecular biology

Answer 19

Similar patterns of embryological development provide further evidence that organisms have descended from a common ancestor

Question 20

Molecular evidence (modern synthesis)

Answer 20

At the molecular level, the universal genetic code and homologous molecules provide evidence of common descent

Question 21

Comparative anatomy

Answer 21

oOrganisms that have similar anatomy may reflect a shared common evolutionary history
oPeople, when looking at comparative anatomy, are looking at homologous characteristics, traits that evolved through divergent evolution

Question 22

Vestigial Characteristics

Answer 22

reflect divergent evolution and a common evolutionary past, but they have lost their form and function in the modern organism. The traits just haven’t been lost because there have been no pressures for this to occur.

Question 23

Darwin

Answer 23

The theory of natural selection

Question 24

Alfred Wallace

Answer 24

Wallace was the instigation that forced Darwin to publish his ideas, otherwise, they would be credited to Wallace, who previously read Darwin

Question 25

Adaptive radiation

Answer 25

As an original species becomes geographically separated, descendants of the same original species adapt different traits for their specific environment