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Human Physiology > Quiz Info Exam 4 > Flashcards

Quiz Info Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Histamine receptor blockers are a widely used drug. What effects would you expect in a person taking this drug?

Elevated pH in the stomach
Increased protein digestion in the stomach
Increased somatostatin release from the delta cells.

A

Elevated pH in the stomach

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2
Q

Pepsin activation requires what environment

A

acidic

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3
Q

If histamine is blocked, what cannot occur

A

acid release (histamine stimulates acid release)

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4
Q

Pepsin digests what?

A

Protein

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5
Q

Less acid production= less ___= less ___ (in relation to pepsin)

A

pepsin activation, protein digestion

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6
Q

If histamine receptors are blocked, how does this effect somatostatin?

A

Somatostatin is released when H ions are high, if blocked/inhibited then somatostatin wouldn’t be released because not enough H ions to activate it

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7
Q

Which of the following increases the rate of acid secretion from the gastric mucosa?
gastrin
cholecystokinin (CCK)
somatostatin

A

gastrin (somato and CCK inhibit secretion)

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8
Q

Who is most likely to experience gastroesophageal reflux?
A. A person consuming high doses of ibuprofen on an empty stomach
B. A person with overactive parietal cells
C. A person experiencing who just ate a large meal.

A

C

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9
Q

A section of the duodenum is suspended in a physiologic solution. The addition of an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor to the bath resulted in which of the following?

A. complete relaxation of the muscle along the section of gut.
B. a fall in intracellular calcium levels within the smooth muscle cells.
C. increased strength of segmenting contractions.

A

C

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10
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the layers of the gut is TRUE?
The mucularis externa can contract longitudinally and circularly.
The serosa plays an important role in secreting enzymes into the lumen of the GI tract.
The myenteric plexus primarily innervates the submucosa activating the release of glandular secretions.

A

The mucularis externa can contract longitudinally and circularly

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11
Q

Why is the ENS considered the mini brain of the gut?
Contains sensory receptors
contains axons
functions as an integrator

A

functions as an integrator

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12
Q

During swallowing the epiglottis moves to cover the glottis. What purpose does this serve?

It increases peristaltic activity in the esophagus
It prevents food from entering the airway
It helps keep the upper esophageal sphincter closed.

A

It prevents food from entering the airway

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13
Q

Which of the following is TRUE regarding long reflexes?

A. The myogenic reflex is an example of a long reflex
B. Any reflex involving the ENS is considered a long reflex
C. Long reflexes in the GI rely on activation of the autonomic nervous system

A

C

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14
Q

During a routine dental surgery, your dentist accidentally damages an efferent nerve (Parasympathetic nerve) innervating just your parotid gland. Having taken PHSL3051, what symptoms do you expect to see as a result?

A. Decreased carbohydrate digestion within the mouth
B. Increased saliva production from the parotid gland
C. Increased ability to taste food within the mouth

A

A; would secrete less saliva (less starch breakdown of carbs and less taste)

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15
Q

What effect would blocking carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the parietal cells have on a GI physiology?

A. Decreased peptidase activity in the stomach.
B. Lower levels of gastrin production from the G cells.
C. Overactivation activation of delta cells within the stomach.

A

A

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16
Q

If CA is blocked, what would happen to gastrin levels?

A

They would not change

17
Q

Which of the following is TRUE regarding long reflexes?

The myogenic reflex is an example of a long reflex

Long reflexes in the GI rely on activation of the autonomic nervous system

The integrating center for a long reflex is the ENS

A

Long reflexes in the GI rely on activation of the autonomic nervous system

18
Q

In comparison to the blood in the hepatic artery, which of the following statements is true regarding the hepatic portal vein?

The hepatic portal vein contains a higher concentration of fatty acids

The hepatic portal vein contains a higher concentration of glucose

Higher in oxygen content

A

The hepatic portal vein contains a higher concentration of glucose

19
Q

Since the blood’s first stop after the small intestine is the liver, the blood present in the hepatic portal vein is rich in…

A

AA and carbs (glucose)

20
Q

A drug blocks the effects of CCK (cholecystokinin). How does this drug effect GI physiology?

Increased bile acid secretion from the gallbladder

Decreased bicarbonate secretion from the pancreas.

Decreased secretions coming from the acinar cells.

A

Decreased secretions coming from the acinar cells.

21
Q

Which of the following hormones reaches its target via the hypothalamic portal system?
Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH)
oxytocin
Growth hormone (GH)

A

TRH

22
Q

An endocrine work up of a patient reveals that he has higher than normal levels of GH, lower than normal levels of Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and higher than normal level of IGF-1. Which part of the endocrine axis is causing this patient’s alterations in secretion?
Anterior pituitary
Posterior pituitary
Hypothalamus

A

Anterior pituitary

AP is hypersecreting GH despite the low GHRH. Something is wrong with the signaling in the anterior pituitary. Could be a tumor..

IGF-1 is still inhibiting GHRH

23
Q

The physiologic effects of most protein/peptide hormones are observed within seconds to minutes because most protein/peptide hormones :

Activate intracellular enzymes via second messengers.
Are active for a relatively short period of time.
Work via specific receptors.

A

Activate intracellular enzymes via second messengers.

24
Q

Consider a disease process that destroys the adrenal gland. As a result, plasma levels of:
Cortisol will be higher than normal
ACTH will be higher than normal
CRH will be lower than normal

A

ACTH will be higher than normal

25
Q

If the adrenal gland is destroyed, cortisol will not be produced. Lack of cortisol will result in…

A

Increased production of high levels of ACTH from the AP and CRH from the hypothalamus.

26
Q

Somatostain levels in the blood are high, therefore secretions from the ductal and acinar cells are __

A

low

27
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding gallbladder secretions?

Bile salts emulsify fat by transporting the large lipid droplet across the apical membrane of an absorptive cell.

Larger toxins produced in the body are stored in the gallbladder and leave the body in the feces by entering the small intestine.

Bile salts are formed in the intestine

A

Larger toxins produced in the body are stored in the gallbladder and leave the body in the feces by entering the small intestine.

Human Physiology (14 decks)

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