Intro Cells to Systems Flashcards
Group of similar cells who work together to perform a specific function
tissues
2 or more tissue types
organ
related organs with a common function
system
as each level arises, new properties are formed that weren’t present at the levels below
Emergent properties
Several components work together for common unified purpose
Integration
Sum of all the chemical rxns that occur in the body
Metabolism
Breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components
catabolism
formation of complex from smaller/simpler components
anabolism
Bodies ability to detect and respond to changes
responsiveness
development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state
differentiation
Homeostasis is a
dynamic steady state
Interstitial fluid is the ECF that
fills spaces between cells
Plasma is the
fluid portion of blood
What systems regulate homeostasis
Nervous and endocrine
describing how organisms
maintain a constant cellular (internal) environment
Homeostasis
process by which the extracellular fluid is
regulated
homeostasis
your __ system is functioning to make
sure your extracellular fluid which includes plasma and
interstitial fluid is constantly replenished
cardiovascular
The __ system is maintaining levels of oxygen (O2)
and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the extracellular fluid
pulmonary
The __ system is maintaining the level of glucose and amino acids in the extracellular fluid
gastrointestinal system/ liver
process in which the
response of the body
counteracts the
stimulus such that a
controlled variable,
like blood pressure,
stays fairly constant
Negative feedback
reinforces a
stimulus so that a
process builds to
completion
Positive feedback
anticipates the change in
controlled variable
Feedforward
ECF is the body’s
internal environment
Feedback system components…
- Receptors
- Control Center
- Effectors
Nutrients move from external environment into plasma via __, into __, then to a __
digestive system, interstitial fluid, body cell
Monitor changes in a controlled variable and sends input to control center
Receptors
Determines the set point at which a controlled variable should be maintained, evaluates input, and generates output commands if needed
Control center
Receive output from control center and produce a response that alters the controlled variable
Effectors
Example of negative feedback and positive
Negative: regulation of BP
Positive: contractions during birth
In positive feedback, the action continues until
interrupted by another mechanism
examples of feedforward control
sight, smell, or the thought of food causes mouth to water and stomach to produce gastric juices
Physiologists use what kind of approach
mechanistic
Described a particular event in body occurs using cause and effect sequencing
Mechanistic approach
Key themes of Physiology
- Homeostasis
- Integration
- Mechanism of action
- Communication
Cause and effect sequence used to describe an event
Mechanism of action
Why’d we use NaOH in our diffusion experiment
Diffused OH ions into the tubes will cause phenothalein to change color
Most prevelant chemical compound in bodily fluids
NaCl
The rate of diffusion was __ in the higher concentration of NaOH
Higher
When we go outside without adequate clothing on a winter day, the cold temperature makes us shiver. What control system is responsible for this
Feedforward system
Maintains a parameter at a relatively constant level
Negative feedback system
If a dorsal root was severed, how would the patient present
They would lose all sensation in that body part
Primary sensory neurons are part of the
Afferent PNS
Dendrites receive __ and axons are the __ structures of the neuron
Input, output
