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Human Physiology > Intro Cells to Systems > Flashcards

Intro Cells to Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Group of similar cells who work together to perform a specific function

A

tissues

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2
Q

2 or more tissue types

A

organ

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3
Q

related organs with a common function

A

system

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4
Q

as each level arises, new properties are formed that weren’t present at the levels below

A

Emergent properties

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5
Q

Several components work together for common unified purpose

A

Integration

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6
Q

Sum of all the chemical rxns that occur in the body

A

Metabolism

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7
Q

Breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components

A

catabolism

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8
Q

formation of complex from smaller/simpler components

A

anabolism

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9
Q

Bodies ability to detect and respond to changes

A

responsiveness

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10
Q

development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state

A

differentiation

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11
Q

Homeostasis is a

A

dynamic steady state

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12
Q

Interstitial fluid is the ECF that

A

fills spaces between cells

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13
Q

Plasma is the

A

fluid portion of blood

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14
Q

What systems regulate homeostasis

A

Nervous and endocrine

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15
Q

describing how organisms
maintain a constant cellular (internal) environment

A

Homeostasis

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16
Q

process by which the extracellular fluid is
regulated

A

homeostasis

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17
Q

your __ system is functioning to make
sure your extracellular fluid which includes plasma and
interstitial fluid is constantly replenished

A

cardiovascular

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18
Q

The __ system is maintaining levels of oxygen (O2)
and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the extracellular fluid

A

pulmonary

19
Q

The __ system is maintaining the level of glucose and amino acids in the extracellular fluid

A

gastrointestinal system/ liver

20
Q

process in which the
response of the body
counteracts the
stimulus such that a
controlled variable,
like blood pressure,
stays fairly constant

A

Negative feedback

21
Q

reinforces a
stimulus so that a
process builds to
completion

A

Positive feedback

22
Q

anticipates the change in
controlled variable

A

Feedforward

23
Q

ECF is the body’s

A

internal environment

24
Q

Feedback system components…

A
  1. Receptors
  2. Control Center
  3. Effectors
25
Q

Nutrients move from external environment into plasma via __, into __, then to a __

A

digestive system, interstitial fluid, body cell

26
Q

Monitor changes in a controlled variable and sends input to control center

A

Receptors

27
Q

Determines the set point at which a controlled variable should be maintained, evaluates input, and generates output commands if needed

A

Control center

28
Q

Receive output from control center and produce a response that alters the controlled variable

A

Effectors

29
Q

Example of negative feedback and positive

A

Negative: regulation of BP
Positive: contractions during birth

30
Q

In positive feedback, the action continues until

A

interrupted by another mechanism

31
Q

examples of feedforward control

A

sight, smell, or the thought of food causes mouth to water and stomach to produce gastric juices

32
Q

Physiologists use what kind of approach

A

mechanistic

33
Q

Described a particular event in body occurs using cause and effect sequencing

A

Mechanistic approach

34
Q

Key themes of Physiology

A
  1. Homeostasis
  2. Integration
  3. Mechanism of action
  4. Communication
35
Q

Cause and effect sequence used to describe an event

A

Mechanism of action

36
Q

Why’d we use NaOH in our diffusion experiment

A

Diffused OH ions into the tubes will cause phenothalein to change color

37
Q

Most prevelant chemical compound in bodily fluids

A

NaCl

38
Q

The rate of diffusion was __ in the higher concentration of NaOH

A

Higher

39
Q

When we go outside without adequate clothing on a winter day, the cold temperature makes us shiver. What control system is responsible for this

A

Feedforward system

40
Q

Maintains a parameter at a relatively constant level

A

Negative feedback system

41
Q

If a dorsal root was severed, how would the patient present

A

They would lose all sensation in that body part

42
Q

Primary sensory neurons are part of the

A

Afferent PNS

43
Q

Dendrites receive __ and axons are the __ structures of the neuron

A

Input, output

Human Physiology (14 decks)

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